摘要
[目的]阐明长期不同用量质量达标的污泥堆肥配施化肥对华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系作物产量,以及耕层土壤有机碳储量(SOCS)和全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)含量的影响,为污泥高效资源化利用及农业绿色可持续发展提供理论依据.[方法]于北京市昌平区,开展污泥堆肥(SW)与化肥配施定位试验(2008-2020 年),种植制度为冬小麦-夏玉米轮作,试验设置 5 个处理:100%尿素(N)、50%WS+50%尿素(0.5SW+0.5N)、100%SW+50%尿素(SW+0.5N)、200%SW+50%尿素(2SW+0.5N)、400%SW+50%尿素(4SW+0.5N)处理.小麦、玉米收获后,调查籽粒和秸秆产量,0-20 cm土层土壤有机质和氮磷钾含量,并计算土壤固碳效率.[结果]随着污泥堆肥用量的增加,小麦和玉米籽粒和秸秆产量逐渐增加,与N处理相比,0.5SW+0.5N处理小麦、玉米籽粒和秸秆多年平均产量无显著差异,SW+0.5N、2SW+0.5N和 4SW+0.5N处理下小麦籽粒产量分别增加了 6.97%、14.88%和 17.94%,玉米籽粒产量分别增加了 8.43%、11.77%和 15.38%.土壤中有机碳储量、全氮、全磷、全钾含量在 0.5SW+0.5N、SW+0.5N、2SW+0.5N和 4SW+0.5N处理下较N处理明显提升.同时,土壤中有机碳储量、全氮、全磷和全钾含量随污泥堆肥用量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05).N、0.5SW+0.5N、SW+0.5N、2SW+0.5N和 4SW+0.5N处理下,土壤全氮含量多年平均值分别为 1.07、1.26、1.56、1.93 和 2.73 g/kg,全磷含量分别为 1.19、1.67、2.37、3.27、4.11 g/kg,全钾含量分别为 18.60、19.06、19.85、20.07、21.19 g/kg.[结论]与单施尿素相比,以质量达标的污泥堆肥替代 50%尿素(0.5SW+0.5N)不会影响小麦、玉米籽粒和秸秆产量,而且可以提升土壤肥力.在尿素用量减半条件下,增加污泥堆肥用量可显著提高小麦、玉米籽粒产量和土壤肥力,特别是在污泥堆肥氮用量为尿素氮用量的 4 倍时,小麦和玉米可稳定增产15%～18%,并且由于高量污泥堆肥的长期施用极大地提升了土壤中有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的储量,保证了产量的可持续性和土壤的碳汇效应.
Abstract
[Objectives]This study investigated the effects of long-term application of varying doses of sewage sludge compost(SW,comply with quality standard)on crop yield and topsoil organic carbon storage(SOCS)and total nutrient contents in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China.The result will provide reference for the efficient utilization of sewage sludge compost in agriculture.[Methods]A field experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2020 in Changping District of Beijing.The treatments included 100%urea(N),50%SW+50%urea(0.5SW+0.5N),100%SW+50%urea(SW+0.5N),200%SW+50%urea(2SW+0.5N),and 400%SW+50%urea(4SW+0.5N).Wheat and maize yield,as well as SOCS,total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),and total potassium(TK)contents in 0-20 cm soil layer were measured each year.The soil carbon sequestration efficiency was also calculated.[Results]With the increasing of sewage sludge compost input,wheat and maize grain and straw yields increased.The multi-year average yields of wheat and maize grains and straw in 0.5SW+0.5N treatment were not significantly different from that in N treatment,while those in SW+0.5N,2SW+0.5N,and 4SW+0.5N were significantly increased,with the increment in wheat grain yields by 6.97%,14.88%,and 17.94%,and in maize grain yields by 8.43%,11.77%,and 15.38%,respectively.The SOCS,TN,TP,and TK kept enhanced with the increase of sewage sludge compost input amounts(P<0.05).The multi-year average TN in treatment N,0.5SW+0.5N,SW+0.5N,2SW+0.5N,and 4SW+0.5N were 1.07,1.26,1.56,1.93,and 2.73 g/kg;the multi-year average TP were 1.19,1.67,2.37,3.27,4.11 g/kg;and the multi-year average TK were 18.60,19.06,19.85,20.07,21.19 g/kg,respectively.[Conclusions]Replacing 50%of urea N with sewage sludge compost will not impact the wheat and maize yield,but increase soil fertility significantly.Under half of conventional urea N input rate,increasing the application rate of sewage sludge compost could significantly elevate the wheat and maize grain yields,especially when the application rate is 4 times of the urea N input,the grain yield will be increased by 15%-18%,and the soil organic carbon and nutrient storage increased greatly,which boosts the sustainability of grain yields and the carbon sink effect of soil.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1700700)
国家自然科学基金(42107076)
国家自然科学基金(U20A20114)
山东省泰山产业领军人才工程项目(LJNY202125)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-30)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据