Effects of High Ridge Mulching Drip Irrigation on the Growth and Water Use of Sunflower in Moderate Saline-Alkali Land in Hetao Irrigation Region
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针对河套灌区土壤返盐积盐强烈,大量中度盐碱地向日葵生长势差以及生育后期的生理干旱胁迫导致的向日葵减产问题,开展了盐碱地高垄覆膜滴灌对向日葵生长和水分利用率及其产量影响的研究.结果表明,高垄覆膜滴灌种植模式有效提高了向日葵叶面积指数,开花期增幅最大,较平作覆膜滴灌(CK1)和平作覆膜不灌(CK2)分别增加31.56％和75.28％,促进了地上部分干物质积累,灌浆期增幅最大,较CK1和CK2分别增加35.03％和100.62％;促进了根系生长,开花期根系鲜重较CK1和CK2分别增加71.86％和199.23％;有效提高了开花期和灌浆期0～30 cm 土壤含水量,灌浆期增幅最大,较CK1和CK2分别增加7.51％和21.77％;提高了水分利用效率,较CK1和CK2分别增加21.20％和42.34％;较CK1和CK2增产分别为15.70％和28.31％,增产效果显著.综上表明,高垄覆膜滴灌模式在向日葵生长后期有明显的保墒效应,促进了干物质积累,从而增产,是盐碱地向日葵的适宜种植模式.
In Hetao irrigation region,the effects of high-ridge mulching drip irrigation on the growth,water use efficiency and yield of sunflower were studied in order to reduce the yield of sunflower due to the strong soil salt return,the growth potential difference of sunflower in a large number of moderately saline-alkali soil and physiological drought stress in the later period of growth.The results showed that,the leaf area index of sunflower was increased by high ridge mulching drip irrigation,which increased by 31.56％and 75.28％at flowering stage compared with plain mulching drip irrigation(CK1)and plain mulching without drip irrigation(CK2),respectively.The above ground dry matter accumulation was promoted by high ridge mulching drip irrigation,and the increase was the largest at filling stage,35.03％and 100.62％higher than CK1 and CK2,respectively.Compared with CK1 and CK2,the root fresh weight increased by 71.86％and 199.23％at flowering stage,respectively.Compared with CK1 and CK2,the soil moisture content of 0-30 cm at flowering stage and filling stage increased by 7.51％and 21.77％at filling stage,respectively.The water use efficiency was increased by 21.20％and 42.34％compared with CK1 and CK2,respectively.Compared with CK1 and CK2,the yield was increased by 15.70％and 28.31％,showing significant effect.In conclusion,the high ridge mulching drip irrigation model has obvious soil moisture conservation effect in the later growth period of sunflower,can promote dry matter accumulation and increase yield,which is a suitable planting model for sunflower planting in saline-alkali soil.
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