Effects of Straw Returning Years and Phosphorus Application on Root Growth and Yield of Maize
Xianyu 335 was used as the test material in this experiment,and a two-factor split-plot design was used to study the effects of straw returning years[5 years(5a)and 1 year of total straw deep ploughing(1a)]and phosphorus application levels[P2O5 0(P0),45(P45),90(P90),135(P135)and 180 kg/ha(P180)]on root architecture,mycorrhizal colonization,plant dry weight,phosphorus accumulation and final yield of maize.The results showed that compared with la,5a significantly optimized the root morphology of maize,promoted root growth,mycorrhizal infection and plant dry matter and phosphorus accumulation,and then increased the yield by 1.94％-7.15％.The level of phosphorus fertilizer affected the growth and development of maize,and also affected the mycorrhizal colonization density(m％),arbuscular richness(a％)and root arbuscular richness(A％),and these indexes began to decrease significantly after P90 treatment,indicating that when the phosphorus level was high,the infection of AM fungi would be seriously inhibited.The dry weights of roots,stalk and leaves of maize in jointing period reached the maximum at P90,P90 and P135,respectively,which increased by 1.31％-15.07％,0.05％-25.07％and 7.61％-22.42％compared with other phosphorus treatments.The accumulation of phosphorus reached the peak at P135,P90 and P135,respectively,which increased by 11.09％-95.51％,10.77％-77.39％and 3.91％-29.28％compared with other phosphorus treatments.The dry weight of stalk,leaves and grain of maize at mature period reached the maximum at P90,P135 and P90,respectively,and increased by 0.18％-19.25％,5.79％-30.60％and 0.90％-10.47％compared with other phosphorus treatments.The accumulation of phosphorus reached the peak at P135,P135 and P90,which increased by 5.16％-54.70％,13.18％-77.22％and 3.99％-56.75％,respectively,compared with other phosphorus treatments.Compared with P0,the maize yields of all P treatments increased significantly,and reached the highest at P135.In summary,when the total straw deep ploughing combined with 135 kg/ha phosphate fertilizer was applied for five consecutive years,maize had stronger nutrient absorption capacity,which could promote plant growth and significantly increase yield.
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