为了 解国际干旱地区农业研究中心(International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas,ICARDA)小麦种质的遗传多样性及综合特点,明确其在我国黄淮麦区的应用价值,对50份ICARDA新引进小麦资源的株高、穗下节长、穗下茎长、穗长、旗叶长、旗叶宽、分蘖数、穗粒数、生物量、产量和千粒重11个农艺和产量性状,以及籽粒水分含量、吸水率、蛋白含量、面筋含量、硬度和沉降值6个品质指标进行综合评价.结果表明,这批资源具有丰富的表型多样性.农艺和产量性状变异系数为7.59％～35.08％,平均值18.87％;多样性指数为1.84～2.08,平均值1.97.品质性状的变异系数为1.11％～10.52％,平均值5.15％;多样性指数为1.76～2.06,平均值1.96.主成分分析表明,前6个主成分构成的信息量为总信息量的79.71％.50份材料聚类为3个类群,类群I包含23份资源,占比46.00％;类群Ⅱ包含6份,占比12.00％;类群Ⅲ包含21份,占比42.00％;不同类群之间性状具有较大差异,类群Ⅱ的生物量、产量、分蘖数、穗长和穗粒数最大,蛋白质和面筋含量最高,综合得分F值前4位的ICAR-46、ICAR-135、ICAR-66、ICAR-20均在该类群.明确了该批小麦种质的遗传多样性特点,以及其在农艺、产量及品质方面的利用价值.
Comprehensive Evaluation of 50 Wheat Germplasm Resources Derived from ICARDA
In order to reveal the genetic diversity and characteristics of wheat germplasms from International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA),and to determine its application value in Huang-Huai region of China,50 new wheat resources introduced from ICARDA were taken for comprehensive evaluation of 11 main agronomic and yield traits,which includes plant height,first internode length under the spike,stem length under the spike,ear length,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,tiller number,kernels per spike,biomass,yield,1000-grain weight,and six quality indexes,including contents of moisture,water abstraction,protein,gluten,hardness index and sedimentation value.The results showed that 50 resources displayed rich phenotypic diversity.The variation coefficients of agronomic and yield traits ranged from 7.59％to 35.08％,with an average of 18.87％;the diversity index ranged from 1.84 to 2.08,with an average of 1.97.The coefficients of variation of quality traits ranged from 1.11％to 10.52％,with an average value of 5.15％;the diversity index ranged from 1.76 to 2.06,with an average of 1.96.Principal component analysis showed that the information of the first six principal components was 79.71％of the total information.Further,the 50 materials had been clustered into three groups,in which group I contained 23 samples,accounting for 46.00％,group Ⅱ contained six germplasms,accounting for 12.00％,group Ⅲ contained 21 germplasms,accounting for 42.00％.There were significant differences in traits among different groups.The biomass,yield,tiller number,ear length and kernels per spike of group Ⅱ were the largest,and the contents of protein and gluten were the highest.The top four in overall F values of group Ⅱ were ICAR-46,ICAR-135,ICAR-66 and ICAR-20.In this study,the genetic diversity characteristics of this cluster of wheat germplasms and its utilization value in agronomy,yield and quality were identified.
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