为探索适宜西北地区芝麻高产节水栽培模式,于2021-2022年以当地主栽芝麻品种晋汾芝1号为材料,对不同栽培模式下芝麻各生育期土壤含水量、土壤温度及产量相关农艺性状进行测定,分析不同栽培模式下土壤水热效应对芝麻产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,在芝麻各生育期,双垄播种不覆膜、双垄播种覆白膜、双垄播种覆黑膜3个处理0～20 cm 土壤温度与裸地平播(CK)栽培相比,分别提高了 0.7、2.2、1.5 ℃,其中2个双垄覆膜处理与CK均达显著性差异;双垄播种覆白膜和双垄播种覆黑膜处理0～60cm 土层的土壤贮水量均高于CK处理,特别在苗期和初花期表现最为明显;双垄播种覆白膜、双垄播种覆黑膜栽培方式显著提高了芝麻各生育期生物量,对芝麻成熟期果轴长、单株蒴果数、每蒴粒数均有明显的促进作用,产量分别提高了 14.19％和17.60％,同时水分利用效率也显著高于CK处理,分别提高了 17.23％和21.50％.因此,在西北干旱地区应大力推广双垄覆膜节水栽培技术,特别是黑色地膜覆盖技术.
Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Yield of Sesame and Water and Heat of Soil
A local main sesame cultivar was used as experimental material in 2021-2022,with the aim of determining the best cultivation mode for high-yield,water-saving sesame in Northwest China.Soil temperature,moisture content,and yield-related agronomic traits of sesame at different growth stages under different cultivation modes were measured,and the effects of soil hydrothermal effects on sesame yield and water use efficiency under different cultivation modes were analyzed.The results showed that the soil temperature of 0-20 cm under double ridge seeding without mulching,double ridge seeding covered with white film,and double ridge seeding covered with black film increased by 0.7,2.2 and 1.5 ℃,respectively,in each growth stage of sesame,there were significant differences between the double ridge coating treatments and the bare land cultivation(CK).Particularly at seedling and early flowering stages,the soil water storage in the 0-60 cm soil layer of double ridge seeding covered with white film and double ridge seeding coated with black film was higher than in the CK treatment.The yield increased by 14.19％and 17.60％,respectively,as a result of double ridge seeding covered in white film and double ridge seeding covered in black film,which both significantly increased the biomass of sesame at each growth stage and significantly promoted fruit axial length,capsules per plant,and grains per capsule at maturity.Meanwhile,the water use efficiency was significantly higher than that of CK treatment,which increased by 17.23％and 21.50％,respectively.Therefore,water saving cultivation technology of double ridge covering film should be popularized in northwest arid area,especially the black mulch covering farming measures.
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