为探索新疆棉区生物降解地膜覆盖下棉田土壤水热特性及其适宜灌溉量,以地膜为主区,设新疆宝利丰达热氧—生物双降解地膜(BF)、宿州天壮全生物降解地膜(TZ)、蓝山屯河生物降解地膜(LS)和聚乙烯地膜(PE)4个处理;灌溉定额为副区,设3150(亏缺灌溉,W1)、4050(常规灌溉,W2)和4950 m3/hm2(增量灌溉,W3)3个处理,PE为对照,研究生物降解地膜和灌溉定额对棉田土壤温度、水分分布、产量及其构成因素的影响.结果表明,地膜的降解率表现为BF＞TZ＞LS＞PE.相同地膜覆盖下,W3处理较W1和W2处理可增加0～30 cm 土层土壤含水率,土壤温度降低,可促进棉花根系对土壤水分的吸收,籽棉产量分别提高3.15％和1.49％.与PE相比,BF和LS保温保墒效果较弱,不利于棉花的生长发育,产量降低,而TZ降解速率适中,籽棉产量达5665.20～5776.36 kg/hm2,当灌溉定额较W3高6.53％时,籽棉产量增加1.27％.因此,天壮全生物降解地膜和灌溉定额在4050～5361 m3/hm2范围内组合,在南疆棉区应用可使土壤保持较好的温度和水分,确保产量不下降的同时降低残膜污染.
Effects of Biodegradable Film and Irrigation Quota on Soil Hydrothermal Characteristics in Cotton Field
In order to explore the soil hydrothermal characteristics and suitable irrigation amount of cotton field under different biodegradable film mulching in Xinjiang cotton area,in the main area of plastic film,four treatments were set up:Baolifengda thermo-oxidative-biodegradable film(BF),Suzhou Tianzhuang fully biodegradable film(TZ),Lanshantunhe biodegradable film(LS)and polyethylene film(PE).To investigate the effects of biodegradable film and irrigation quota on soil temperature,water distribution,yield and its components in cotton fields,three treatments were set up:3150 m3/ha(deficit irrigation,W1),4050 m3/ha(traditional irrigation,W2),and 4950 m3/ha(incremental irrigation,W3).The results showed that the degradation rate of the film were BF＞TZ＞LS＞PE.In comparison to the W1 and W2 treatments,the W3 treatment under the same plastic film mulching increased the water rate in the 0-30 cm soil layer,lowered soil temperature,promoted cotton roots to absorb soil water,and increased seed cotton yield by 3.15％and 1.49％,respectively.Cotton did not grow and develop as well under BF and LS as it did under PE,and the yield was lower.The degration rate of TZ was moderate,and the sed cotton yield reached 5665.20-5776.36 kg/ha.The yield of seed cotton increased by 1.27％when the irrigation guota exceeded W3 by 6.53％.Therefore,the combination of Tianzhuang fully biodegradable film and irrigation quota in the range of 4050-5361 m3/ha can maintain good temperature and moisture in the soil,and ensure the yield does not decrease and reduce the residual film pollution.
万方数据
维普
