摘要
"科玄论战"的百年回顾,绝不仅限于历史纪念意义,还具有重要的理论价值,因为"科玄论战"的实质乃是"科学""哲学"以至"玄学"之于近代以来中国人"人生观"的性质、意义和作用等问题.在"科玄论战"的基本史实及其百年回响中,蕴含着深刻影响20世纪中国的历史发展进程及当代中国人安身立命之本的重大实践问题和基础理论问题,即如何对待以科学技术和物质生产进步为核心成就的现代西方文明,如何理解马克思主义的哲学和科学性质,如何看待中华民族自身文明和文化传统等.在当代语境中重审"科玄论战"或人生观问题上的"科玄之争",最为根本的思想任务是,通过深入把握当今人类社会和中国发展的总体境况,回应和承担马克思主义哲学中国化时代化的理论课题,深刻阐释作为中国特色社会主义道路突出特征和重要成就的中国式现代化和人类文明新形态.具言之,通过继承和拓展经典马克思主义对西方现代文明的批判性理解,充分汲取中华优秀传统文化的精神精华,构建一个能够全面理解当代中国与世界的中国马克思主义哲学体系,形成一种属于当代中国人的科学的人生观;其核心指向是在"两个结合"的历史进程中锻造出一种全新的政治文明形态,以驯服技术和资本的无序扩张,使人类社会与现代科学技术形成一种真正自由的关联.
Abstract
A centennial review of the Debate on Science and Metaphysics is by no means limited to historical commemorative significance,since it also has an important theoretical value.This is because the Debate on Science and Metaphysics concerns the nature,significance,and role of science,philosophy,and metaphysics in the Philosophy of Life of Chinese people since the modern times.In the basic historical facts of the the Debate on Science and Metaphysics and its centuries-old echo,there are major practical and fundamental theoretical questions that have profoundly affected the course of China's historical development in the twentieth century and thus the very foundation of the contemporary Chinese people's well-being.This raises questions such as how to deal with modern Western civilization,whose progress in science and technology and in material production stands as a core achievement;how to understand the philosophical and scientific nature of Marxism;how to view the Chinese nation's own civilization and cultural tradition,and so on.Compared to a hundred years ago,the historical context of the Debate on Science and Metaphysics has undergone some crucial changes.on the one hand,the achievements of modern natural science have attracted worldwide attention,and there is no doubt about the importance and authority of science,and philosophy has even changed from being the"mother of science"in the past to the"handmaiden of science"today,while at the same time,science has replaced religion in history and has become a new faith generally followed by human society;on the other hand,the frontier progress of science and technology,especially the unorganized transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements,has also brought great uncertainty to the overall survival of human society,and may even result in unforeseen catastrophic consequences.One of the fundamental questions in the contemporary Debate on Science and Metaphysics is whether it is possible to adopt a critical attitude toward the research and development and the practical application of technologies that are related to the overall state of the existence of human beings,which may then compel necessary defensive and restrained measures,rather than letting scientists and industrialists explore freely and unrestrainedly according to the possibilities offered by nature itself.As far as the study of Marxist philosophy is concerned,the most fundamental ideological task in reexamining the Debate on Science and Metaphysics or the Debate on the Philosophy of Life in the contemporary context is to understand in depth Chinese modernization and the new form of human civilization,which represent the prominent features and important achievements of the socialist path with Chinese characteristics.In other words,by inheriting classical Marxism's critical understanding of modern Western civilization and expanding it by deeply understanding and taking possession of the spiritual essence of the excellent traditional Chinese culture,is it possible to construct a Chinese Marxist philosophical system that is capable of profoundly interpreting contemporary China and the world so as to develop a scientific philosophy of life belonging to the contemporary Chinese people?If so,then its core objective would be to forge a new form of political civilization in the historical process of the"two combinations"in order to tame capital and form a truly free association with modern natural science and technology.
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