Progress,Problems,and Solutions in the Interpretation of Quantum Theory Information
Quantum theory has long grappled with foundational issues such as the measurement problem.Over the past century,physicists have developed numerous interpretations of quantum theory to address these challenges,yet no single interpretation has achieved universal acceptance.In the past three decades,the integration of information science and quantum mechanics has led to a new category of quantum theory interpretations.These interpretations take information processing as their logical starting point,rather than the motion of physical entities in spacetime.This family of interpretations began with Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics and has since expanded to include QBism and other branches.Over more than two decades,these interpretations have made significant strides toward establishing a principled theory,yielding profound implications in fields like quantum gravity.They have managed to bypass issues such as wave function collapse and introduced numerous novel philosophical ideas.Information-based interpretations incorporate phenomenological characteristics,enabling a more rigorous examination of quantum theory through processes of suspension and reduction.This approach avoids the pitfalls of introducing unobservable entities to satisfy realism,while revealing more aspects of the quantum world than anti-realist interpretations.In these interpretations,the fundamental theoretical entity,the quantum state,no longer directly represents physical entities themselves but rather the ensembles they form and the relationships between them.This positioning between realism and anti-realism is key to avoiding the measurement problem.However,information-based interpretations face two major criticisms.The first criticism concerns their adequacy.Responses to this critique highlight the peculiar nature of matter under these interpretations:objects composed of matter possess attributes corresponding to their natural classes,but they lose their state-specific accidental properties.The second criticism focuses on the issue of non-determinism in measurement,arguing that information-based interpretations lack a profound explanation for state collapse.However,critiques of the concept of states reveal that spacetime in quantum theory serves only a descriptive function and no longer has an observational function.This disrupts the relational categories of the classical physical world,enabling an indeterministic worldview.Consequently,it is argued that information-based interpretations represent a scientific revolution that naturally avoids the measurement problem.In summary,the analysis of various information-based interpretations integrates them and highlights their connections.The phenomenological characteristics illustrate that quantum states have features that position them between realism and anti-realism.Furthermore,responses to criticisms reveal the unique nature of matter within the information framework,providing a resolution to the measurement problem.
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