摘要
在量子理论的诠释领域,近年来出现一类新的诠释,它们不再基于实体运动,而是基于信息处理对量子理论进行解读.这类诠释始于罗韦利的关系性量子力学,近些年又衍生出许多新分支和新方向,并产生了日益重要的影响.它们在诠释中引进了新的哲学倾向——现象学特征.经由现象学还原,量子态不再指向物理实体本身,而是指向物理实体的系综及实体间的关系.信息诠释导致了量子理论诠释上的变革,在其框架下避免了非决定论的疑难和态塌缩等问题.
Abstract
Quantum theory has long grappled with foundational issues such as the measurement problem.Over the past century,physicists have developed numerous interpretations of quantum theory to address these challenges,yet no single interpretation has achieved universal acceptance.In the past three decades,the integration of information science and quantum mechanics has led to a new category of quantum theory interpretations.These interpretations take information processing as their logical starting point,rather than the motion of physical entities in spacetime.This family of interpretations began with Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics and has since expanded to include QBism and other branches.Over more than two decades,these interpretations have made significant strides toward establishing a principled theory,yielding profound implications in fields like quantum gravity.They have managed to bypass issues such as wave function collapse and introduced numerous novel philosophical ideas.Information-based interpretations incorporate phenomenological characteristics,enabling a more rigorous examination of quantum theory through processes of suspension and reduction.This approach avoids the pitfalls of introducing unobservable entities to satisfy realism,while revealing more aspects of the quantum world than anti-realist interpretations.In these interpretations,the fundamental theoretical entity,the quantum state,no longer directly represents physical entities themselves but rather the ensembles they form and the relationships between them.This positioning between realism and anti-realism is key to avoiding the measurement problem.However,information-based interpretations face two major criticisms.The first criticism concerns their adequacy.Responses to this critique highlight the peculiar nature of matter under these interpretations:objects composed of matter possess attributes corresponding to their natural classes,but they lose their state-specific accidental properties.The second criticism focuses on the issue of non-determinism in measurement,arguing that information-based interpretations lack a profound explanation for state collapse.However,critiques of the concept of states reveal that spacetime in quantum theory serves only a descriptive function and no longer has an observational function.This disrupts the relational categories of the classical physical world,enabling an indeterministic worldview.Consequently,it is argued that information-based interpretations represent a scientific revolution that naturally avoids the measurement problem.In summary,the analysis of various information-based interpretations integrates them and highlights their connections.The phenomenological characteristics illustrate that quantum states have features that position them between realism and anti-realism.Furthermore,responses to criticisms reveal the unique nature of matter within the information framework,providing a resolution to the measurement problem.
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA038)
国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CZX051)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(22YJCZH198)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据