New Quality Productive Forces and Marxist Productivity Theory
The concept of new quality productive forces enhances our understanding of the laws governing productivity development and enriches Marxist productivity theory.Marx and Engels'productivity theory is embedded in the materialist conception of history,the theory of surplus value,and scientific socialism,which provides a theoretical framework for comprehending the comprehensive,social,and contemporary aspects of new quality productive forces.Understanding new quality productive forces requires an analysis from three interrelated dimensions.First,from the materialist conception of history,productivity theory views labor productivity,self-productivity,and social relationship productivity as the three aspects of the overall productivity of human life production.Second,based on the theory of productive forces within the theory of surplus value,we can examine how human life production becomes a means and tool for capital life production and how labor productivity becomes a component of capital productivity.Third,grounded in the theory of productive forces in scientific socialism,we must explore how the proletariat can reclaim human life production and advance the path of productive forces in the context of human life production after gaining political power.In the view of Marx and Engels,the alienation and its transcendence of overall productive forces are the foundation of all history.The alienation of overall productivity is manifested not in the use of labor tools by laborers to transform labor objects into material means of life,but in the production of surplus value by capital as accumulated labor through the domination of living labor and the use of laborers and labor materials to transform labor objects.The transcendence of alienation is manifested that accumulated labor is once again dominated by living labor,and through the recombination of laborers,labor materials,and labor objects,it becomes the body of a freely united laborers'community.Only by the transcendence of the alienated overall productive forces can it conform to the New Development Concept and promote high-quality development.According to Marx and Engels'theory of productive forces,new quality productive forces specifically refer to the productive forces of socialism with Chinese characteristics as it enters the new era and embarks on a new journey,which should not be applied in other contexts.However,due to varied interpretations of productivity across disciplines,few scholars simultaneously address new quality productive forces from these three dimensions.Scholars often either misunderstand the relationship between labor productivity and overall productivity,conflating productivity with labor productivity and neglecting self-productivity and social relationship productivity,or they recognize the subordinate status of labor productivity to capital productivity but fail to analyze the social and temporal conditions necessary for transforming simple labor processes into scientific processes.Both approaches lead to an oversimplified theoretical understanding of new quality productive forces,overlooking its practical implications.
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