摘要
本文以《格萨尔王传·地狱救母》篇为例,探讨伏藏在创造一个"叙事生活世界"(这一理论是本文作者专门在此提出并使用的)中起到的社会功能.正如霍莉·盖利(Holly Gayley)、戴维·杰玛诺(David Germano)及其他人所指出,伏藏并非单独存在的现象,而是由复杂的社交互动连接过去与未来而形成的、具有丰富意义的网络.伏藏师通常被认为是文化英雄:他们以过去的意义来涵盖当下的时代,并通过他们与过去的联系建构出一个充满意义的符号宇宙.格萨尔史诗传统尽管在藏地解读中很少被认为是伏藏,但是其传承与伏藏传承多有相似之处,其中最显著的即是经启示而被发现并创制出的新文献范式,这一范式有着超越原初讲述的社会影响.尽管有这些相似之处,但只有一份格萨尔文本自我认同为伏藏,即由丹喇嘛·却吉旺秋('Dan bla ma Chos kyi dbang phyug)所著、格萨尔伏藏师扎册多吉(Drag rtsal rdo rje)掘出的《地狱救母》篇.通过对比阅读这一格萨尔传承与伏藏传承所重叠之处,学者们可以通过格萨尔传承来更清晰地解读伏藏的社会功用.在介绍这一重要文本之上,本文更提出通过伏藏基于一个持续有意义并有效的过去而建构出的叙事生活世界,这让个人得以与这一叙事创造出来的过去产生联系,并能在其中构建出自己当下有意义的世界.叙事生活世界因此便成为了伏藏在当代西藏取得社会关切和关联的驱动力.
Abstract
Taking as its case study the Dmyal gling rdzogs pa chen po,this article investigates the social function of gter ma through their role in creating a"narrative lifeworld"—a theoretical term introduced and defended by the author here.As explored by Holly Gayley,David Germano,and others,gter ma are not isolated incidents,but rather complex social interactions that weave together the past and present into a dense network of significance.Generally,gter ston are recognized as cultural heroes who envelop the present age in the significance of the past and construct a meaningful semiotic universe out of their relationship with the past.Although not traditionally considered gter ma by Tibetan interpreters,the Gesar tradition shares much with the gter ma tradition—most notably,patterns of inspired revelation creating new texts that have social effects beyond their initial telling.Despite these similarities,however,only one Gesar text explicitly identifies itself as a gter ma:the Dmyal gling rdzogs pa chen po,composed by'Dan bla ma Chos kyi dbang phyug and revealed by Gling tshang gter ston Drag rtsal rdo rje.Through reading in comparison the Gesar tradition and the gter ma tradition at the point where they intersect,the Dmyal gling,scholars have the opportunity to use the Gesar tradition to understand with greater clarity gter ma's social functioning.Beyond introducing this important text to scholarship,this article argues that through creating a narrative lifeworld that built on a continually significant and effective past,gter ma allow individuals to relate to this narratively-built past and make a world in which to meaningfully dwell in the present.Narrative lifeworlds,therefore,become the engine by which gter ma gain social reality and relevance in contemporary Tibet.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据