Objective To conduct a visual analysis of prescriptions and medications for treating Tourette syn-drome(TS)through retrieving literature from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database,and SinoMed,and compre-hensively explore the medication patterns of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in treating pediatric TS,aiming to provide insights for clinical treatment.Methods Based on bibliometric methods,Excel software was used to split and organize the self-made TCM prescriptions adopted by various physicians in the included literature,which were then imported into VOSviewer,a literature visualization software.Frequency analysis,cluster analysis,and other methods were employed to mine the data related to the use of TCM in the included literature.Results Among the 390 non-duplicate articles,47 prescriptions(self-made formulas)and 121 Chinese medicinal materials were in-volved,with a total frequency of 385 times.A total of 20 medicinal materials were used more than five times,with the top 10 being Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,Bombyx Batryticatus,Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis,poria cocos,Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius,Acorus tatarinowii Schott,dragon bone,scorpion,and gastro-dia elata in descending order.In terms of medicinal properties,cold,neutral,and warm properties were most fre-quently used;among the five flavors,sweet,bitter,and pungent flavors were most prevalent.The meridians the medi-cines entered were mainly liver,lung,heart,spleen,kidney,and stomach meridians.The main effects of the medi-cines were to calm liver and extinguish wind,nourish and supplement,relieve exterior syndrome,and tranquilize the mind,while the effects of other medicines were relatively evenly distributed.A density view analysis of medicinal characteristics was conducted,and a density map of 54 medicinal materials was obtained by setting the frequency of medicinal appearance(≥3 times).Further analysis yielded four high-weight groups of medicines:A(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.,Paeonia lactiflora Pall.,Poria cocos,Uncaria tomentosa,Bombyx Batryticatus,Radix Bupleuri,haliotidis concha,Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.,dragon bone,oyster shell,margaritifera concha,scorpion),B(Di-oscorea opposita Thunb.,Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels,raw rehmannia root,prepared rehmannia root,Lycium bar-barum L.,Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.,Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn.),C(Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.,Citrus reticulata Blanco,Bambusa tuldoides Munro,Citrus aurantium L.,Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.,Scutel-laria baicalensis Georgi,poria,Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.,Bambusa textilis McClure),and D(Crypto-tympana pustulata Fabricius,Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl.,Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.,Mentha hap-localyx Briq.,Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl,Arctium lappa L.,Lonicera japonica Thunb.).A density view a-nalysis of medicinal effects revealed high-weight combinations of medicines for calming liver and extinguishing wind,nourishing and supplementing,resolving phlegm,and clearing heat.A cluster analysis of the TCM used in TS treatment was conducted,and a cluster view of 54 medicinal materials was obtained by adjusting the frequency of medicinal appearance(≥3 times).Based on medicinal effects and basic prescription principles,four basic prescrip-tion principles were summarized:A(relieving exterior heat and calming liver yang),B(nourishing kidney yin,re-plenishing qi and blood,nourishing meridians and tendons),C(nourishing spleen deficiency and soothing liver qi),and D(calming liver wind,eliminating phlegm-heat,and clearing the head and eyes).Conclusion The treat-ment of TS in children with TCM mainly focuses on calming the liver and extinguishing wind,eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm,and dispersing wind-heat,with the emphasis on dispelling wind,heat,and phlegm pathogens,while also tonifying deficiencies.However,the current literature on clinical medication for TS mostly consists of expe-riences from renowned experts,and the effectiveness of the prescribed formulas and herbs therein still needs to be verified through rigorous clinical trials.Additionally,there is a scarcity of literature on the clinical application of TCM in the treatment of TS,and some of the existing studies are merely case reports.Large-sample clinical data are still required to support further exploration of the deeper patterns of medication usage.
Tourette syndromepediatrictraditional Chinese medicinemedication patternsdata mining
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
