中国全面建立生态补偿制度的基础与阶段推进论
The Necessary Conditions and Grading Development Theory for Improving the Eco-compensation System in China
孙新章 1周海林 1张新民2
作者信息
- 1. 中国21世纪议程管理中心,北京,100038
- 2. 中国环境科学研究院,北京,100012
- 折叠
摘要
社会需求、经济允许、科技支撑、法律保障是全面建立生态补偿制度的四要素,缺一不可.当前,我国已经具有了对生态补偿的强烈社会需求,但是,由于经济形势严峻、相关科技问题没有完全解决、以及法律法规建设滞后等,使我国目前还不具备全面建立生态补偿制度的条件.根据过去20年我国在探索生态补偿方面的实践并借鉴发达国家的经验,本文认为,我国的生态补偿制度建设需要采取分阶段推进的方式,即大致需要经过初步探索、试点示范和全面完善3个阶段.目前,我国已经走过了初步探索阶段,正处于试点示范阶段的关键时期.文章进一步对当前我国生态补偿制度建设的重点任务以及进入全面完善阶段后应采取的发展思路做了进一步的阐述.
Abstract
At present, to build a harmonious society is the main objective of the Chinese government. To specify, great efforts should be made to promote the harmonious development between men and nature as well as between men themselves. To implement eco-compensation has been proven to be effective for achieving the target. In fact, the Chinese government has begun the attempt of establishing eco-compensation system since the beginning of 1980' s, but an improved eco-compensation system is necessary for the present in China. However, it is impractical to establish an eco-compensation system exactly up-to-date, because some necessary conditions are still not available. Fox example, the economy in China is still not strong enough, many scientific and technological problems related to the eco-compensation are unsolved, and the laws concerning eco-compensation system also lag behind time. Based on practices and experience of the past twenty years in China and also the experiences learnt from other countries, this paper suggests that the process of establishing eco-compensation system in China can be divided into three stages, which are the exploring stage, trial stage and improving stage. The exploring stage is completed at the end of the last century and it is the primary period of the trial stage at present. If the main problems restricting the establishment of the eco-compensation system could be solved in recent years, the improving stage can be approached in the 12th Five-Year Plan period. The way to improve eco-compensation system and propose a primary concept is analyzed according to the present situation in China. It is suggested that a step-by-step approach for establishing the eco-compensation system in China should be achieved on the basis of economic strength and eco-environmental situation. A primary assumption about this approach can divide the eco-compensation program into three levels: 1) preferential level (the main aim is to resolve very serious eco-environmental problems); 2) important level (the main aim is to resolve relatively serious eco-environmental problem or subsidize those behaviors protecting environment remarkable); and 3) expanding level (the main aim is to subsidize those environment-friendly behaviors friendly to a certain some degree).
关键词
生态补偿/基础条件/初步探索阶段/试点示范阶段/全面完善阶段/中国Key words
Eco-compensation/Necessary condition/Exploring stage/Trail stage/Improving stage引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2006BAC18804)
出版年
2009
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据