Several Strategic Thoughts on China's Eco-compensation Mechanism
As China' s economy has been developing rapidly, eco-environmental problems are increasingly becoming bottlenecks restraining overall progress of sustainability of the country' s future socio-economic development. The Chinese government has proposed a scientific development concept, and paid special attention to ecological construction through a variety of policies and means, which have greatly contributed to the improvement in ecological conditions. However, policies related to ecological conservation are not readily implemented in practice. In particular, economic policies related to ecological conservation appear to be inadequate, leading to an unequal distribution of ecological and economic benefits between protectors and beneficiaries, and between destroyers and victims. Consequently, beneficiaries are gaining ecological benefits without taking the responsibilities and costs of deteriorating the ecology, but the protectors are not obtaining necessary economic incentives. Distortion of such relations has led China' s ecological conservation to a grim situation, which would affect a coordinating development among the regions and stakeholders involved. To that end, there is an emergent need to establish an eco-compensation mechanism to address those problems for readjustment of ecological benefits and economic benefits of the stakeholders, improvement of eco-environmental protection, and equable development between the rural and the urban, as well as regional and social development. The authors make an attempt to define eco-compensation and discuss associated principles, introduce methods and basis for determining compensation standards, and put forward approaches and methods of eco-compensation. Subsequently, a framework for establishment of the eco-compensation mechanism in China was formulated, with analyzing eco-compensation in some key fields, such as regional eco-compensation, watershed eco-compensation, forest eco-compensation and mineral exploitation eco-compensation. Based on this, some suggestions for decision making were given, including further perfecting the framework of China' s eco-compensation and establishing a permanent mechanism, adapting to local conditions and primary function area classification, enhancing financial transfer and increasing funding through various sources, properly handling relations between the central government and local government, the government and market, "blood generating" and "blood transmitting", new funds and previous funds, establishing the legislation system and improving the management mechanism of eco-compensation, and enhancing scientific research on eco-compensation.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
维普
