The influencing factors and formation mechanism of national well-being from production-living-ecological perspective
[Objective]By analyzing the influencing factors of national well-being and its formation mechanism,this study aimed to provide a reference basis for governments to formulate targeted strategies to improve national well-being.[Methods]Based on the human's production-living-ecological space,this study proposed an analytical framework from the production-living-ecological perspective.Employing the aggregated national well-being data of 146 countries in 2005-2018,this study used the two-way fixed effects model and stepwise causality test to analyze the influence of production-living-ecological factors on national well-being and its mechanism.[Results]The results show that:(1)In the spatial dimension,the pattern of global national well-being is characterized by the tripolar distribution of northern Europe,northern America,and Oceania.Most western and southern Asian and African countries have low levels of national well-being;In the temporal dimension,global national well-being showed a trend towards diversification,and the temporal trends of national well-being varied obviously across countries within each continent.(2)Among production factors,a higher Gini index of income is detrimental to national well-being;Among living factors,social support promotes national well-being while the unemployment rate hinders national well-being;Among ecological factors,more land green area per capita is beneficial for national well-being.The GDP growth and Gini index of income have greater effect sizes in developing countries than in developed countries.(3)Positive and negative affect play mediation roles in the relationships between production-living-ecological factors and national well-being.Inflation rate,unemployment rate,years of education,and carbon emission intensity are negatively associated with national well-being through emotional variables,while social support,governance capacity of governments,child-age dependency ratio,and land green area per capita have indirect and positive effects on national well-being.[Conclusion]Therefore,China should adhere to the development path of production development,affluent living,and ecological sustainability,which is conducive to maximizing national well-being.
national well-beingproduction-living-ecological factorspositive affectnegative affectformation mechanism
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