首页|中国生态补偿制度的演化及未来政策取向——基于IAD框架的分析

中国生态补偿制度的演化及未来政策取向——基于IAD框架的分析

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[目的]厘清中国生态补偿制度演化历史逻辑是深刻把握生态文明制度体系理论逻辑、深入贯彻美丽中国建设现实逻辑的重要前提。[方法]基于制度变迁视角，利用制度分析与发展(IAD)研究框架，对中国生态补偿制度在1978-2023年间的演化进程进行政策追踪、梳理和解构。[结果]研究发现:①从制度变迁的演进脉络来看，中国生态补偿制度历经以"污染者付费"为理念的探索阶段、以"受益者付费"为原则的形成阶段和以"受益者付费、保护者受偿"为纲领的完善阶段;政府始终是生态保护行动舞台中最主要的参与者，主导着生态补偿制度变迁的方向。②从制度变迁的内在逻辑来看，政府主导、明晰主体"权责利"、从分项管理到综合管理以及生态补偿市场化是中国生态补偿制度变迁的主要特征和内在规律。[结论]完善生态补偿制度的着力点应放在4个方面:完善自然资源资产产权制度、健全自然资源国土空间管理体制，形成政府引领与各方参与的多元化、市场化生态补偿方式，建立数智化驱动的生态资源保护与利用调查监测体系，形成绿水青山转化为金山银山再反哺绿水青山的闭环机制。
Evolution of China's ecological compensation and future policy orientation:Analysis based on the Institutional Analysis and Development(IAD)framework
[Objective]This study aimed to clarify the evolutionary trends of China's ecological compensation mechanism and to further promote the construction of ecological civilization and a beautiful China.[Methods]From the perspective of institutional change,the study employed the Institutional Analysis and Development(IAD)framework to track,examine,and deconstruct policy changes about China's ecological compensation mechanism from 1978 to 2023.[Results]The study found that:(1)From the perspective of institutional change,the evolution of the ecological compensation mechanism has experienced three stages—an exploratory stage of"polluters pay",a formative stage of"beneficiaries pay",and a refinement stage of"beneficiaries pay,protectors compensated".The government has always been the primary participant in the ecological protection actions,dominating the direction of ecological compensation mechanism changes.(2)In terms of the internal logic of the institutional change,government leadership,clarifying the rights-responsibilities-benefits of the entities,transitioning from separate management to integrated management,and the marketization of ecological compensation are the main features and inherent pattern of China's ecological compensation mechanism changes.[Conclusion]We should focus on four aspects to improve the ecological compensation system:improving the property rights system of natural resource assets and the management system of national territorial space of natural resources,forming a diversified and market-oriented ecological compensation method led by the government and participated by all parties,establishing a digital driven investigation and monitoring system of ecological resource protection and utilization,and forming a closed-loop mechanism of transforming lucid waters and lush mountains into mountains of gold and silver and then feeding back clear waters and green mountains.

ecological compensationtheoretical logicInstitutional Analysis and Development(IAD)frameworkgovernment ledevolutionary analysisinstitutional improvementChina

张文彬、王杰、李国平

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西安财经大学管理学院,西安 710100

西安财经大学经济学院,西安 710100

西安交通大学经济与金融学院,西安 710061

生态补偿 理论逻辑 制度分析与发展框架 政府主导 演化分析 制度完善 中国

国家社会科学基金西部项目陕西省社会科学基金陕西省软科学研究计划一般项目

23XGL0202022D0182024ZC-YBXM189

2024

10.18402/resci.2024.06.09

资源科学
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 中国自然资源学会

资源科学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子：2.408
ISSN：1007-7588
年,卷(期)：2024.46(6)