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脾肾气虚型慢性肾脏病临床经验总结

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慢性肾脏病(Chronic Kidney Disease,CKD)是由各种原因引起的肾脏结构或功能异常不短于3个月的疾病.近年来CKD的发病率、住院率呈逐渐上升趋势.黄新艳主任,国家重点学科带头人,从事中医临床工作数十年,对CKD的中医病机及辨证施治有独特见解和丰富的临床经验.黄主任认为CKD的中医病机总属本虚标实,临床上多见脾肾气虚型,兼有湿热、浊毒、瘀血、风邪为标.治疗上,黄主任以顾护脾肾为出发点,在主方中运用补益之品以使正气渐复,祛邪外出;并根据患者标实之不同,予以清利湿热、解毒化浊、活血祛瘀、疏风散邪之法.同时患者病有轻重缓急,用药时应遵循"急则治其标,缓则治其本"的原则,勿令失治误治.除此之外,黄主任还强调,治疗CKD可适当配伍虫类药益肾固本,尤其对减少患者尿蛋白水平有较好疗效.中医外治疗法上,可选用中药保留灌肠、结肠透析疗法降低肾损害,亦可选用中药药浴、腧穴疗法等联合治疗,以增疗效.在临床诊疗过程中,CKD患者往往合并他病,如不寐、痉病、淋证等,影响治疗,因此对合并症的防治不可忽视,以期达到最佳治疗效果.笔者在跟随黄主任诊疗过程中总结了黄师治疗脾肾气虚型CKD的相关临床经验,以供参考.
Summary of clinical experience in the treatment of chronic kidney disease with spleen-kidney Qi deficiency
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)is a disease with abnormal kidney structure or function for more than 3 months caused by various reasons.In recent years,the incidence and hospitalization rate of CKD have been increasing gradually.Director HUANG Xinyan,a national key discipline leader,has been engaged in TCM clinical work for decades,and has unique insights and rich clinical experience in TCM patho-genesis,syndrome differentiation and treatment of CKD.Director HUANG believes that the pathogenesis of CKD is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality,and clinically,spleen-kidney Qi(气)deficiency is common,which is accompanied with dampness-heat,turbid-toxin,blood stasis and wind evil.In the treatment,Director HUANG takes the care of the spleen and kidney as the starting point,and uses the tonic products in the main prescription to make the positive Qi gradually recover and remove the evil;And according to the different condition of patients,the methods of clearing dampness-heat,detoxifying turbidity,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,dispersing wind and dispersing evil are given.At the same time,according to the severity and urgency of the disease of the patient,the medication should follow the principle of"Relieving the secondary in an urgent case and remov-ing the primary in a chronic case"to avoid missed treatment and misuse of treatment.In addition,Director HUANG also emphasizes that the treatment of CKD can be properly ombined with insect-like drugs to benefit kidney and strengthen the root,especially for reducing the urinary protein level of patients,which achieves good efficacy.In the external treatment of TCM,traditional Chinese medicinal materials retention enema and colon dialysis can be used to reduce kidney damage.Chinese medicinal materials bath,acupoint therapy and other combined treatment can also be used to increase the curative effect.In the course of clinical diagnosis and treatment,CKD patients are often complicated with other diseases,such as insomnia,spasmodic disease and stran-guria,which affect the treatment.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of complications should not be ignored in order to achieve the best therapeutic effect.In the process of learning from Director HUANG for diagnosis and treatment,the author summarizes the clinical experience related to the treatment of syndrome of spleen-kidney Qi deficiency chronic kidney disease,which is for reference.

Chronic kidney diseaseSpleen-kidney qi deficiencyDeficiency in origin and excess in superficialityInsect drugsEx-ternal therapy of TCM

郭志豪、黄新艳

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湖南中医药大学,湖南 长沙,410036

湖南中医药大学附属衡阳医院,湖南 衡阳,421009

慢性肾脏病 脾肾气虚 本虚标实 虫类药 外治法

2024

中医临床研究
中华中医药学会

中医临床研究

影响因子:0.839
ISSN:1674-7860
年,卷(期):2024.16(6)