A review on the pharmacological effects of eugenol
Eugenol,also known as 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol,is a weakly acidic phenyl terpenoid derived from clove,clove basil oil,cinnamon,tulip,pepper and other herbs.Its pharmacological effects are extremely broad,recent studies have shown that eugenol can damage the bacterial cell wall membrane,inducing the production of excess reactive oxygen species to inhibit bacterial growth.Eugenol can down-regulate the expression of inflammatory factors,which may be associated with the inhibition of IκBαdegradation in the NF-κB signaling pathway,as well as reduced AA metabolism key enzyme expression.It can also affect the temperature-sensitive neurons in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus,inhibit the NO-cGMP signaling pathway and prostaglandin E2 synthesis to achieve antipyretic and analgesic effects.Eugenol can dynamically regulate the balance of glucose and lipid metabolism of the body,activate the AMPK pathway so as to rectify the cellular energy disorders.It also has a strong ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals and iron reduction,which can inhibit oxidative damage to oil and DNA.Eugenol has protective effects on myocardium,mucosa and nerves,also can induce cancer-related fibroblasts apoptosis,inhibit cancer cell invasion and cancer tissue angiogenesis.Eugenol is now widely used in the treatment of diabetes,viral diseases,fungal diseases,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,Alzheimer's disease and many other diseases.As a natural plant extract with wide range of effects and less adverse reactions,eugenol has a broad development and application prospect.At present,the research on eugenol mainly focuses on food preservation,plant protection,cosmetology,stomatology,animal husbandry and other fields and is still in the primary stage,and the relevant pharmacological effect mechanisms of eugenol have not been fully elucidated.In this paper,the advantages of eugenol in anti-inflammatory reaction,regulating energy metabolism,antioxidant,cardioprotection,mucoprotection,neuroprotection and antitumor effects and its mechanism of action are reviewed,with a view to providing reference for the further development and clinical application of eugenol.
EugenolPharmacological effectMechanism of actionPharmacologyReview
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