首页|卫所、土司与抚番厅:清代甘南洮州地区的行政演化与番民治理

卫所、土司与抚番厅:清代甘南洮州地区的行政演化与番民治理

扫码查看
明清边疆地带的行政体制通常呈现卫所、土司与府厅州县等不同制度的相互嵌套与转化,甘青川交界的洮州地区便经历了卫所兼管、卫所与土司分治、抚番厅专管的转型,地方"番族"对国家的赋税义务渐从"差发马赋"过渡到"折纳钱粮".清初,洮州卫土官在平叛中屡获清廷嘉奖并广招部落,渐成颇具影响的土司家族;洮州卫则设守备管理民事且照文员试用,卫所与土司并立,互不统属.乾隆年间清廷裁卫置厅,巩昌抚番同知分驻洮州节制土司,洮州抚番厅径以"分府"之名委任通事、总管并兼理"厅属番族"及土司番户之钱粮事务.基层"番族"既属土司管理,又向抚番厅"折纳钱粮","番户"则成为甘边"番族"完纳钱粮的基本赋税单位.随着卫所与土司渐归厅属,抚番厅对"番族"的治理更趋强化并延续"以番治番"的制度传统,折射出大一统中国基层治理的弹性空间与多重面相.清代甘边民族地区卫所、土司与厅州县体制的调适与整合,重塑着甘边地域社会结构与基层治理秩序,亦加速助推当地各民族交往交流及其融入中华民族共同体的历史进程.
Weisuo,Tusi and Fufan Ting:The Administrative Evolution and Local Ethnic People Governance of Taozhou Area of Southern Gansu in the Qing Dynasty
The administrative system in the border areas of Ming and Qing dynasties usually showed the mutual nesting and transformation of different systems,such as the Weisuo,Tusi and Fu-Ting-Prefecture-County systems.Taozhou area on the border of Gansu,Qinghai and Sichuan experienced a system transformations from the concurrent administration of Taozhou Wei,the separate administration of the Weisuo and Tusi,and the exclusive administration of the Taozhou Fufan Ting.The local ethnic people's tax obligations to the country gradually changed from"paying for military horses"to"paying grains and money".In the early Qing Dynasty,Taozhou Wei local officials have won many Qing court awards for their suppression of rebellion and recruited tribal locals,and gradually became an influential Tusi family;Taozhou Wei set up Shoubei to manage civil affairs and appointed them as literati,Weisuo and Tusi are equally existed and are not affiliated to one another.During the reign of Qianlong,the Qing court abolished Weisuo and set up Ting,with Gongchang Fufan Tongzhi stationed in Taozhou to control Tusi.Taozhou Fufan Ting could directly appoint Tongshi and Zongguan(general manager)in the name of"Fen Fu"to manage the money and grain affairs of the local ethnic people and Tusi"Fanhu"(ethnic households).The grassroots ethnic people are not only managed by Tusi,but also"paying grain and money"to Fufan Ting,"Fanhu"thus became the basic taxation unit for the Gansu Province ethnic people to pay their money and grain.As Weisuo and Tusi gradually became part of the Ting system,the Fufan Ting's governance of the grassroots ethnic people has been strengthened and continues the institutional tradition of"governing the ethnic people with ethnics",reflecting the elastic space and multiple facets of grassroots governance in the unified China.The adaptation and integration of the system of Weisuo,Tusi and Ting-Prefecture-County system in the ethnic areas of Gansu Provincial area in the Qing Dynasty,did not only reshape the social structure and grassroots governance order of the Gansu border region,but also accelerated the historical process of interaction and exchange between the Han and local ethnic groups and their integration into the Chinese national community.

Taozhou Fufan TingWeisuoTusiadministrative systemgrassroots governance

许若冰

展开 >

湖北大学历史文化学院,湖北武汉 430062

洮州抚番厅 卫所 土司 行政体制 基层治理

国家社会科学基金"铸牢中华民族共同体意识"重大研究专项

21VMZ007

2024

中央民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版
中央民族大学

中央民族大学学报:哲学社会科学版

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.635
ISSN:1005-8575
年,卷(期):2024.51(2)
  • 71