Research on the Temple Fairs and Their Commercial Activities on the Mongolian Grassland Since the Qing Dynasty:Case Study on Ganzhu'er Temple Fair
Temple fair is an important part of ancient China,especially the grassroots society in traditional farming areas.It is closely related to people's daily social production and life.It is an important medium to investigate the ancient Chinese history from the"bottom-up"perspective.Since the Qing Dynasty,with the effective solution and effective governance addressing the Mongolian-related issues by the central dynasty,the integration process of the northern frontier and the hinterland area has been accelerated.This has resulted in the emergence of numerous types of temple fairs and commercial activities carried out on the Mongolian grassland with temple fairs as the platform.Among them,the temple fairs held at the Summoning Temples and the commercial activities based on them boasted the largest scale and the most profound influence.Moreover,the Summoning Temples were the most widely distributed and enjoyed the largest number on the Mongolian grassland during the Qing Dynasty.Nearly every league or banner had one or more large-scale Summoning Temples,and the number of small ones was countless.For instance,the"Ganzhu'er Temple"built in the Hulunbuir region of the eastern Mongolian grassland during the Qianlong period.The"Ganzhu'er Temple Fair"that held on this basis along with the commercial activities emerged during the Qianlong period and continued until the early days of the People's Republic of China.Although these activities encountered twists and turns due to the tumultuous situation caused by internal and external troubles during the Republic of China period,they remained prosperous and became an important commercial and trade platform in Hulunbuir region since the Qing Dynasty.They received warm welcome by people of all ethnic groups and even generated certain reliance from the latter.Meanwhile,commercial activities conducted either during temple fairs and continuous commercial activities that persisted in other times driven by these activities,have not only enhanced the exchanges and interactions among various ethnic groups in the Hulunbuir region and even all over the Mongolian grassland,but also enhanced the frequency of commercial exchanges between this region and other regions within China's territory and even some foreign regions.These activities have effectively promoted the communication,exchange,and integration of ethnic groups on the Mongolian grassland,which also strengthen the communication between ethnic groups on the Mongolian grassland and other ethnic groups within the country.Since the Qing Dynasty,the temple fair and its commercial activities on the Mongolian grassland not only provided a certain material basis for the northern border area governance,but also provided an effective communication carrier for the formation and development of harmonious and stable ethnic relations needed for the formation and development of a unified multi-ethnic country.
since the Qing DynastyMongolia grasslandGanzhu'er Temple fairbusiness activitiesexchange,communication and integration
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