首页|2022年安徽省49 474例接触煤尘劳动者职业健康检查结果分析

2022年安徽省49 474例接触煤尘劳动者职业健康检查结果分析

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目的 了解和掌握安徽省接触煤尘劳动者健康状况,为安徽省煤工尘肺的防治提供科学依据.方法 收集安徽省2022年接触煤尘劳动者职业健康检查信息,分析接触煤尘劳动者的基本情况和职业健康检查结果.结果 共收集49 474例接触煤尘劳动者职业健康检查信息,其中胸片检出尘肺样改变427例,检出率0.86%;用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)异常 10 298 例,检出率 20.81%;第 1 秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)异常2 022例,检出率4.09%;FEV1/FVC异常347例,检出率0.70%.尘肺样改变病例分布在5个地市,其中皖北地区4个地市共检出425例尘肺样改变,占总检出例数的99.53%.多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,职业健康检查异常(尘肺样改变及肺功能3项指标任一项指标异常)检出率受接触煤尘劳动者所在企业经济类型、规模、行业类型,以及个体特征(性别、年龄、工龄)的影响,具体表现为:相对于港澳台和外商经济,国有经济企业接触煤尘劳动者职业健康检查结果异常的风险高(OR=4.42),集体经济的风险低(OR=0.31);中型企业和小微型企业高于大型企业(OR=1.23、2.00);制造业、其他行业低于采矿业(OR=0.65、0.80);女性低于男性(OR=0.74);相对于年龄<30岁,45~49岁、50~54岁、≥ 55岁的劳动者结果异常的风险均提高(OR=1.33、1.46、1.94);相对于工龄≤ 3年,工龄在4~6年、20~24年、25~29年风险较低(OR=0.84、0.81、0.83),工龄15~19年风险较高(OR=1.19);以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01).结论 安徽省煤尘危害依然严峻,接触煤尘劳动者健康状况仍须重点关注,应继续做好重点区域、重点人群的职业健康监护,进一步完善职业健康检查监测体系.
Analysis of occupational health examination results of 49 474 workers exposed to coal dust in Anhui Province in 2022
Objective To understand the health status of workers exposed to coal dust in Anhui Province,providing a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of coal workers'pneumoconiosis in the province.Methods Occupational health examination data of workers exposed to coal dust in Anhui Province in 2022 was collected.The basic conditions and occupational health examination results of these workers were analyzed.Results A total of 49 474 occupational health examination records were collected.Among them,427 cases showed pneumoconiosis-like changes on chest X-ray examination,with a detection rate of 0.86%.Abnormal forced vital capacity(FVC)was found in 10 298 cases,with a detection rate of 20.81%.Abnormal forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)was found in 2 022 cases,with a detection rate of 4.09%.Abnormal FEV1/FVC ratio was found in 347 cases,with a detection rate of 0.70%.The cases with pneumoconiosis-like changes were distributed across five cities,with 425 cases detected in four cities in northern Anhui,accounting for 99.53%of the total detected cases.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormality rate of occupational health examination(pneumoconiosis-like changes and abnormalities in any one of the three indicators of lung function)was influenced by the economic type,scale,and industry type of the enterprises where the workers were employed,as well as individual characteristics(gender,age,and employment time).Specifically,compared to Hong Kong-,Macau-,Taiwan-,and foreign-invested enterprises,state-owned enterprises had a higher risk of abnormal occupational health examination results(OR=4.42),while collective enterprises had a lower risk(OR=0.31);medium-sized,small and micro-enterprises had higher risks than large enterprises(OR=1.23,2.00).Manufacturing and other industries had lower risks than mining(OR=0.65,0.80).Females had a lower risk than males(OR=0.74).Compared to workers under 30 years old,workers aged 45 to 49,50 to 54,55 and above had higher risks of abnormal occupational health examination results(OR=1.33,1.46,1.94).Compared to workers with less than 3 years of service,those with 4 to 6 years,20 to 24 years,and 25 to 29 years of service had lower risks(OR=0.84,0.81,0.83),while those with 15 to 19 years of service had a higher risk(OR=1.19).All these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions The hazard of coal dust in Anhui Province remains severe,and the health status of workers exposed to coal dust still requires close attention.It is necessary to continue occupational health monitoring for key regions and populations and further improve the occupational health examination monitoring system.

coal dustcoal workers'pneumoconiosisoccupational health examinationpneumoconiosis-like changes

胡迅嘉、胡琼、谢继安、谢巧妹、查晚生、钱芳、陈葆春

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安徽省第二人民医院职业健康安徽省重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230032

安徽省疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230601

煤尘 煤工尘肺 职业健康检查 尘肺样改变

职业健康安徽省重点实验室开放基金项目合肥综合性国家科学中心大健康研究院职业医学与健康联合研究中心科研项目

2024ZYJKC010OMH-2023-29

2024

职业卫生与应急救援
上海市职业安全健康研究院,上海市化工职业病防治院

职业卫生与应急救援

CSTPCD
影响因子:0.515
ISSN:1007-1326
年,卷(期):2024.42(5)