The intricate casting techniques and lengthy production processes of bronze ritual vessels,coupled with the unique materials and firing methods of stamped hard pottery and primitive ceramics,endowed them with attributes akin to scarce resources.The Zhengzhou Shang City site yielded a far greater variety and quantity of bronze ritual vessels,stamped hard pottery,and primitive ceramics compared to those from Yanshi City.Moreover,the bronze ritual vessels in the Zhengzhou Shang City exhibit a significantly higher grade,alongside multiple workshops dedicated to their production,leaving no doubt about their dominant and ruling status.The Yanshi Shang City site,on the other hand,assumes a subsidiary role and a position of subordination that is readily apparent.The Zhengzhou Shang City site,with a higher likelihood of being the capital of the early Shang Dynasty,appears to have been established at the outset of the Shang Dynasty's reign,possibly even serving as the capital under King Tang.The Yanshi Shang City site,conversely,was established as a regional center city with specific political and military objectives.Initially,it may have served to pacify the Xia remnants in the Erlitou region and its surroundings,later evolving to encompass numerous facilities and functional zones characteristic of a capital city.
Zhengzhou Shang City siteYanshi Shang City sitescarce resourceEarly Shang Dynasty
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