This study conducts a comprehensive examination by comparing the level of labor scale expended across the three phases of development in the three Bingyang Caves within the Longmen Grottoes.By taking into account the process,administrative oversight,and the individuals responsible for overseeing the project,we posit that the figure of 802,366 labor units documented in the"Wei Documents"provides a more precise and dependable representation of the effort expended than the previously cited 182,000 labor units from the"Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government".