The time around 4300 years ago marks a crucial archaeological and cultural development milestone,representing a key stage in the transition from ancient states to states.During this period,various regions such as Haidai,southern Shanxi,northern Shaanxi,Gansu-Qinghai,and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River witnessed the development of multiple jade-using centers,represented by cultures such as Shandong Longshan,Taosi,Shimao,Qijia,and later Shijiahe.This period saw the emergence of the second peak in the development of Neolithic jade culture,showcasing the simultaneous coexistence and mutual influence of various jade cultures.Multiple centers existed in different regions and jade cultures exhibited new characteristics such as a North-South pattern.Jade artifacts,as important indicators of cultural progress,reveal new trends in the development focus,ritual systems,and role transitions during this phase.These trends reflect changes in societal complexity and cultural integration,marking a significant shift in ideological aspects of civilization.
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