In the study of regional social processes,two key concepts are essential.The first is"complexity,"which describes the transition of certain aspects of society from homogeneous to heterogeneous states,leading to differentiated social development.The second concept pertains to the emergence of development trends centered in the Central Plains,which represent the phased outcomes of regional societal complexity.These trends highlight the imbalances and disparities in social development across different regions and the historical process of continuous power transformation.