Analysis on characteristics of new occupational diseases in Changsha City from 2016 to 2021
Objective To analyze the newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Changsha City from 2016-2021,determine the main occupational diseases,key occupational disease hazard factors and industries with high incidence of occupational diseases,and provide scientific basis for formulating occupational disease prevention and control measures.Methods Collected the information of new cases of occupational diseases in Changsha City from January 1,2016 to December 31,2021 in the national occupational disease network direct reporting system,and conducted a retrospective analysis on the incidence of occupational diseases.Results From 2016-2021,there were 231 newly diagnosed occupational diseases in Changsha City,including 117 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis(50.6％),63 cases of occupational noise deafness(27.3％)and 33 cases of occupational poisoning(14.3％).The number of diagnosed cases was basically consistent from 2016-2018,43(18.6％),46(19.9％)and 42(18.2％),respectively.The number of diagnosed cases decreased from 2019-2020,30(13.0％)and 28(18.2％),respectively.The number of diagnosed cases increased to 42(18.2％)in 2021,with a U-shaped trend,224 males(70％)and 7 females(30％).The cases aged 40-＜50 and 50-＜60 were the most,77(33.3％)and 101(43.7％)respectively.The peak incidence of occupational pneumoconiosis and noise deafness was 5-＜10 years of exposure,the peak incidence of occupational diseases,occupational chemical poisoning and occupational skin diseases caused by physical factors was 0-＜5 years of exposure,and the peak incidence of benzene induced leukemia was ≥20 years of exposure.The areas with more cases were Yuelu District,Liuyang City,Ningxiang City,Tianxin District and Changsha County,with 62,45,33,30 and 31 cases respectively.The areas with less cases were Furong District,Kaifu District,Wangcheng District and Yuhua District,with 3,5,14 and 8 cases respectively.The enterprises with more cases were small enterprises,followed by medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises.The enterprises with less cases were micro enterprises,119(51.5％),57(24.7％),45(19.5％)and 10(4.3％)respectively.The top three in pneumoconiosis industry were industrial and mining engineering construction,fireworks and firecrackers product manufacturing,and human resources services.The top three in noise-deafness industry were special equipment manufacturing,cement manufacturing,and human resources services.The top three in occupational poisoning industry were fireworks and firecrackers product manufacturing,paint manufacturing,and human resources services.There were significant differences in the distribution of occupational diseases in different years,sexes,regions and enterprises(all P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the age of onset and the length of service of different occupational diseases(all P＜0.05).Conclusions From 2016-2021,the key occupational hazard factors in Changsha City are dust,noise,high temperature,methanol,hydrogen sulfide,lead,arsenic and benzene.Therefore,the occupational health supervision of human resources services,industrial and mining engineering construction,special equipment manufacturing,fireworks and firecrackers products manufacturing,cement manufacturing,coating manufacturing,battery manufacturing and other industries should be strengthened.
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