Analysis on current situation and risk assessment of drinking water hygiene in rural schools in Hebei Province from 2018 to 2020
Objective To understand the drinking water sanitation status of rural schools in Hebei Province from 2018 to 2020,and assess the health risks of fluoride and nitrate nitrogen in drinking water.Methods From 2018 to 2020,360,365,and 355 schools were selected to collect peripheral water,to analyze and evaluate the conventional water quality indicators and ammonia nitrogen.The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the chronic non carcinogenic risks of fluoride and nitrate nitrogen in drinking water in rural schools in Hebei Province.Results Public primary and secondary schools accounted for a relatively high proportion of rural monitoring schools in Hebei Province,and accommodation students accounted for more than 50％.From 2018 to 2020,the standard rate of drinking water quality in rural schools in Hebei Province from high to low was 2020 year(82.03％)＞2019 year(74.11％)＞2018 year(69.83％),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=29.041,P＜0.01).The total coliform,bacterial count and fluoride were the main indicators that affected the overall compliance rate of drinking water quality in rural schools in Hebei Province.In 2020,the compliance rate of fluoride indicators was 96.25％,and the non carcinogenic risks of rural students in Hebei Province exposed to fluoride and nitrate nitrogen[M(P10,P90)]through drinking water for 12 years were 0.40(0.12,1.17)and 0.08(0.01,0.51),respectively,with male and female students at 0.40(0.12,1.19),0.39(0.12,1.16),0.08(0.01,0.52),and 0.08(0.01,0.50).Conclusions The water quality compliance rate of rural schools in Hebei Province has been increasing year by year from 2018 to 2020.However,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of microbiological indicators and fluoride,and improve the use of water supply methods,disinfection,and disinfection equipment in schools.Some students in high fluoride areas of rural schools in Hebei Province have certain health risks and should continue to carry out water improvement and fluoride reduction work to ensure the safety of drinking water for students.
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