摘要
目的 了解新疆脱贫地区儿童青少年健康行为状况及其与心理社会影响因素的关系,为新疆脱贫地区儿童青少年心理健康发展及干预工作提供帮助.方法 2022年3-6月在新疆地区的6个县以班级为单位随机整群抽取6 424名中小学生进行生活方式、自我效能感、领悟社会支持、自尊、心理韧性等量表的调查,并对数据进行分析.结果 新疆脱贫地区儿童青少年健康行为总分为(81.24±13.69)分,体育锻炼维度平均得分为(3.55±0.95)分,安全行为维度得分为(3.95±0.84)分,健康关注维度得分为(3.29±1.05)分,健康饮食维度得分为(3.55±0.88)分.不同年龄、体质量指数、父母学历、家庭月收入方面的青少年各健康行为维度得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).自我效能、重要支持、家人支持、朋友支持、心理韧性与体育锻炼、安全行为、健康关注、健康饮食行为之间存在正相关关系(均P＜0.01).自尊与安全行为、体育锻炼、健康饮食、健康关注之间存在负相关关系(均P＜0.01).心理韧性对安全行为的影响紧密(β=0.16,P＜0.01);自我效能感对体育锻炼、健康饮食、健康关注的关系密切(β=0.22、0.27、0.24,均P＜0.01).结论 新疆脱贫地区儿童青少年健康行为状况不容乐观,今后应注重不同人口学变量和心理社会因素对儿童青少年健康行为的影响.
Abstract
Objective To understand the health behavior status of children and adolescents in poverty-removing areas of Xinjiang and its relationship with psychosocial influencing factors,and to provide assistance for the development of children's and adolescents'mental health and intervention in poverty-removing areas of Xinjiang.Methods From March to June 2018,a total of 6 424 primary and secondary school students by class as a unit were randomly selected from 6 counties in Xinjiang areas,the life style,self-efficacy,perceived social support,self-esteem and resilience were investigated,and the data were analyzed.Results The overall score of children and adolescents in poor areas was(81.24±13.69)points,the average score in the physical exercise dimension was(3.55±0.95)points,the safety behavior dimension was(3.95±0.84)points,the health attention dimension was(3.29±1.05)points,and the healthy eating dimension was(3.55±0.88)points.Compared with different ages,BMI,parents'education,and family income,the differences in each dimension of health behavior were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).There was a positive correlation between self-efficacy,important support,family support,friend support,psychological resilience and physical exercise,safe behaviors,health concerns,and healthy eating behaviors(all P＜0.01).There was a negative correlation between self-esteem and safe behavior,physical exercise,healthy diet,and health concerns(all P＜0.01).Psychological toughness had a strong impact on safe behavior(β=0.16,P＜0.01).Self-efficacy was closely related to physical exercise,healthy diet,and health concerns(β=0.22,0.27,0.24,all P＜0.01).Conclusion The health behavior of children and adolescents in poverty-removing areas of Xinjiang is not optimistic.In the future,attention should be paid to the impact of different demographic variables and psychosocial factors on the health behaviors of children and adolescents.
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万方数据