摘要
目的 了解海拔2 500 m以上发电运行值班工人听力损失情况及影响因素.方法 采用随机抽样方法,选取2019年1月1日一2022年12月31日在四川电力医院进行健康检查的发电运行值班工人为调查对象,根据工作地海拔分为A组(高海拔组,海拔＞2 500 m)和B组(低海拔组,海拔＜1 000 m),进行纯音听阈检查,分析高海拔地区工人听力损失情况及影响因素.结果 本次调查共纳入噪声接触工人342例(684耳),听力损失检出率68.1％,其中双耳听力损失检出率47.4％.高海拔组在0.5、3.0、6.0 kHz及高频平均听阈值高于低海拔组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);在0.5、6.0 kHz、语频及高频高海拔组听力损失检出率高于低海拔组,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);高海拔组男性受检者在3.0、4.0、6.0 kHz及高频平均听阈显著高于女性(均P＜0.01);x2趋势检验显示,在0.5、1.0、2.0、6.0 kHz、语频及高频接噪工龄与听力损失检出率之间存在线性趋势(均P＜0.05);在0.5、6.0 kHz、语频及高频高海拔组发生听力损失风险分别是低海拔组的1.966、1.432、1.964、2.102倍.结论 高海拔为听力损失的促进因素,男性平均听阈高于女性,接噪工龄与听力损失检出率有一定相关性,而耳别对听力损失影响较小.
Abstract
Objective To investigate the hearing loss and influencing factors of power generation operation shift workers above an altitude of 2 500 meters.Methods By the random sampling method,the power generation operation shift workers who underwent health checks at Sichuan Electric Power Hospital from January 1,2019 to December 31,2022 were selected as the study subjects,and were divided into group A(high altitude group,altitude＞2 500 meters)and group B(low altitude group,altitude＜1 000 meters)according to the altitude of workplace,to conduct pure tone hearing threshold examination and analyze the hearing loss situation and influencing factors of workers in high altitude.Results A total of 342(684 ears)of noise-exposed workers were included in this study,with a hearing loss detection rate of 68.1％,including a binaural hearing loss detection rate of 47.4％.The mean hearing thresholds at 0.5,3.0,6.0 kHz and high frequency were higher in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The hearing loss detection rates at 0.5,6.0 kHz speech frequency and high frequency were higher in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The mean hearing thresholds at 3.0,4.0,6.0 kHz and high frequency were significantly higher in the male subjects in the high altitude group than in the female subjects(all P＜0.01).The trend x2 test showed a linear trend between the number of years of service at 0.5,1.0,2.0,6.0 kHz speech frequency and high frequency noise exposure and the detection rate of hearing loss(all P＜0.05).The risk of hearing loss was respectively 1.966,1.432,1.964 and 2.102 times higher at 0.5,6.0 kHz,speech frequency and high frequency in the high altitude group than in the low altitude group.Conclusion The high altitude is a contributing factor to hearing loss,the mean hearing threshold of male is higher than that of female subjects,there is a correlation between the number of years of noise-receiving work and the detection rate of hearing loss,while there is no significant difference in the effect of left or right ear on hearing loss.
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