Analysis on epidemic characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022
Objective To analyze the incidence characteristics of occupational pneumoconiosis in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022,and provide reference for the government to formulate pneumoconiosis prevention and control plans.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Baoding City from 1949 to 2022,and epidemiological analysis was conducted on the composition of pneumoconiosis types,industry distribution,years of dust exposure,and age of onset.Results From 1949 to 2022,a total of 1 290 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in Baoding City.The top four diseases were coal workers'pneumoconiosis(583 cases,45.19％),asbestosis(297 cases,23.02％),foundry workers'pneumoconiosis(178 cases,13.80％),and silicosis(127 cases,9.84％),mainly distributed in the coal mining and washing industry of state-owned small and medium-sized enterprises(569 cases,44.11％),non-metallic mining industry(308 cases,23.88％)and general equipment manufacturing industry(161 cases,12.48％).There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of industries among different diseases(x2=3 322.81,P＜0.01).After 1987,the incidence of pneumoconiosis decreased significantly,and the incidence of silicosis ranked first.From 2010 to 2022,there were 59 new cases of pneumoconiosis in Baoding City,of which silicosis accounted for 69.49％,mainly distributed in the western mountainous areas.There were 1 048 cases of stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis(81.24％),198 cases of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis(15.35％),and 44 cases of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis(3.41％)in Baoding City.The proportion of stage Ⅲ silicosis was much higher than other diseases(18 cases,14.17％).Among the average dust exposure years in Baoding City,silicosis was the shortest[(16.13±8.45)years].There were 26 cases of pneumoconiosis with dust exposure years of 0-＜6 years,and silicosis accounted for 69.23％.Conclusions With the successive closure of underground mining enterprises such as coal mines and asbestos mines,the high incidence of pneumoconiosis in Baoding has been basically controlled.The black metal smelting and rolling processing industry,non-metallic mineral products industry and general equipment manufacturing industry of small and medium-sized private enterprises have become the focus of special treatment.
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