目的 了解乌鲁木齐市不同空气污染区域小学生肺功能差异.方法 收集2021年乌鲁木齐市天山区和米东区全年空气污染物数据,主要指标包括SO2、NO2、CO、臭氧日最大8小时(O3-8h)、可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particulate matter,PM10)和细颗粒物(fine particulate matter,PM2.5)日均浓度,分析天山区和米东区空气污染情况.采用整群随机抽样方法在乌鲁木齐市米东区和天山区各1所小学(A和B)抽取3～5年级学生各150人,共300人,收集性别、年龄、身高、体质量等信息,进行肺功能检测,主要检测指标包括用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1.0)、呼气峰值流速(peak expiratory flow,PEF)、用力呼出肺活量 75％时的呼气流量(forced expiratory flow at 75％vital,PEF75％)、用力呼出肺活量 25％时的呼气流 量(forced expiratory flow at 25％vital,PEF25％).结果 共收集 2021 年 365天大气污染物监测数据,天山区SO2日平均浓度为2.0～16.0 μg/m3,米东区SO2日平均浓度为2.0～37.0 μg/m3;天山区PM2.5日平均浓度为6.0～254.0μg/m3,米东区PM2.5日平均浓度为9.0～415.0 μg/m3;天山区PM10日平均浓度为11.0～547.0 μg/m3,米东区PM10日平均浓度为6.0～791.0 μg/m3.经统计学分析,米东区CO、O3-8h和PM2.5日均浓度均高于天山区,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);天山区SO2、NO2日均浓度均高于米东区,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);天山区和米东区PM10日均浓度差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).天山区和米东区大气污染物浓度均存在季节性变化,SO2、NO2、CO、PM10、PM2.5在冬春季的浓度较高,夏秋季浓度较低;O3-8h夏秋季浓度增高,冬春季浓度较低.调查小学生300人,A校小学生体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)为12.43～27.77 kg/m2,B校小学生BMI为13.39～33.12 kg/m2.两个学校小学生身高、体质量、BMI指数差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).A校小学生FVC为0.14～2.29 L,B校小学生FVC为0.79～2.27 L;A校小学生FEV1.0为0.14～2.22 L,B校小学生FEV1.0为0.79～2.18 L,米东区小学生FVC、FEV 1.0、PEF、PEF75％和PEF25％均低于天山区小学生相应指标,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).结论 乌鲁木齐市天山区和米东区均存在不同程度的污染,NO2、PM10和PM2.5均超过GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》中二级浓度限值标准.乌鲁木齐市主城区空气污染对儿童肺功能有一定的影响,需进一步加大对大气污染的治理力度,冬季加强对小学生呼吸健康防护,保障小学生健康成长.
Effects of air pollution on lung function of primary school students in Urumqi City
Objective To understand the differences in lung function among primary school students in different air pollution areas of Urumqi City.Methods The air pollution data from Tianshan District and Midong District of Urumqi City in 2021 were collected,including the daily average concentrations of SO2,NO2,CO,ozone daily maximum of running 8 hour(O3-8h),inhalable particulate matter(PM 10)and fine particulate matter(PM2.5),to analyze the air pollution situation in Tianshan District and Midong District.Using cluster random sampling method,300 students from grades 3-5 in primary school(A and B)in Midong District and Tianshan District of Urumqi City were selected respectively(150 students in each school),to collect the information on gender,age,height and body mass,and lung function testing was performed,and the main detection indicators included forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1.0),peak expiratory flow(PEF),forced expiratory flow at 75％vital(PEF75％)and forced expiratory flow at 75％vital(PEF25％).Results The air pollutant monitoring data of 365 days in 2021 were collected.The daily average concentration of SO2 in Tianshan District and Midong District was 2.0-16.0 and 2.0-37.0 μg/m3 respectively,the daily average concentration of PM2.5 in Tianshan District and Midong District was 6.0-254.0 and 9.0-415.0 μg/m3 respectively,and the daily average concentration of PM10 in Tianshan District and Midong District was 11.0-547.0 and 6.0-791.0μg/m3respectively.The statistical analysis showed that the daily average concentrations of CO,O3-8h and PM2.5 in Midong District were higher than those in Tianshan District,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The daily average concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in Tianshan District were higher than those in Midong District,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the daily average concentrations of PM10 between Tianshan District and Midong District(all P＞0.05).It was found that the concentration of air pollutants varies seasonally,with higher concentrations of SO2,NO2,CO,PM10 and PM2.5 in winter and spring,and lower concentrations of O3-8 h in summer and autumn.A total of 300 primary school students were surveyed.The body mass index(BMI)among students in school A and school B was 12.43-27.77 and 13.39-33.12 kg/m2 respectively.There were no statistically significant differences in height,weight and BMI index of primary school students between school A and school B(all P＞0.05).The FVC of primary school students in school A and school B was 0.14-2.29 and 0.79-2.27 L respectively.The FEV1.0 of primary school students in school A and school B was 0.14-2.22 and 0.79-2.18 L respectively.The FVC,FEV1.0,PEF,PEF75％and PEF25％of primary school students in Midong District were lower than those in Tianshan District,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).Conclusions Both regions of Tianshan District and Midong District in Urumqi City have varying degrees of pollution,with NO2,PM10 and PM2.5 exceeding the second level standard of the ambient air standard(GB 3095-2012).The air pollution in the main urban area of Urumqi City has a certain impact on children's lung function.It is necessary to further strengthen the control of air pollution,strengthen the respiratory health prote ction of primary school students in winter,and protect the healthy growth of primary school students.
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
