Monitoring results and health risks of fluoride in rural drinking water in Jinzhong City from 2018 to 2022
Objective To understand the fluoride content and health risk in rural drinking water in Jinzhong,and provide technical support for the management of rural drinking water safety and the prevention and control of drinking water endemic fluorosis.Methods To evaluate the monitoring results of fluoride concentration in rural drinking water in Jinzhong during 2018 to 2022 according to GB 5749-2006"Hygienic standard for drinking water".The qualification rate and concentration distribution of fluoride in rural drinking water in Jinzhong City were analyzed,and a non-carcinogenic risk assessment were conducted on the health risks of fluoridec.Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 3 946 rural drinking water samples in Jinzhong were monitored,of which 3 847 specimens were qualified for fluoride,with a qualified rate of 97.49％.The concentration range spanned from 0.05 to 5.20 mg/L,with a median being 0.41 mg/L.The number of water samples with fluoride concentration＜0.5 mg/L was the highest,accounting for 67.56％.There were statistically significant differences in the fluoride qualification rate between different years,water source types,and water supply methods(x2=12.806,55.336,11 838.000,all P＜0.05).However,there were no statistically significant differences in the fluoride qualification rate between different sampling periods and water sample types(x2=1.254,2.224,both P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in fluoride concentration distribution among different years,sampling water periods,water sample types,water source classifications,and water supply methods(Z=12.806,6.506,35.082,361.329,20.430,all P＜0.05).The non-carcinogenic health risks of fluoride produced through drinking water routes were higher in males than females and in children than in adults.Conclusion The non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water in rural drinking water in Jinzhong is situated at a relatively low level,and fluoride levels still exceed the standard in some areas.Periodic monitoring of rural drinking water and endemic fluorosis should be consistently enhanced,and attention should be paid to the prevalence of dental caries among children in low-fluoride zones,and to the incidence of dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis in high-fluoride regions.
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