Exposure level and health risk assessment of perchlorate in drinking water in Hohhot City in 2023
Objective To investigate the perchlorate concentration levels of concentrated water supply in Hohhot City and small concentrated water supply factories in its five counties in wet season in 2023,conduct the preliminary evaluation of the health risks caused by perchlorate through drinking water in Hohhot City.Methods A total of 81 tap water samples from 13 centralized water supply plants in the urban area of Hohhot City and small centralized water supply plants in five counties and district during the wet season in 2023 were collected.The water samples were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to obtain the content level of perchlorate in the drinking water of Hohhot City.Using the water environmental health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA),the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient of perchlorate was calculated,and the health risks caused by perchlorate to the population through drinking water in Hohhot was preliminarily evaluated.Results The results of 81 water samples collected during the wet season in 2023 were all below the limit value of 0.07 mg/L specified in China's drinking water hygiene standards with a detection concentration range of ND-34.69 μg/L,with M(P25,P75)of 0.15(0.15,0.79)μg/L,and a detection rate of 40.7％.The exposure levels of perchlorate for different populations were as follows:0.003 7-0.006 0 μg/(kg·d)in urban areas,0.0034-0.004 6 μg/(kg·d)in rural areas,the hazard quotient was 0.005 2-0.008 5 in urban areas and 0.003 4-0.004 6 in rural areas.The exposure was the highest in the 6-＜11 age group among different age groups.Conclusion The exposure risk of perchlorate through drinking water in Hohhot area is within an acceptable range.
Ultra high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometryPerchlorateDrinking waterRisk assessment
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