通过查阅Pubmed和Web of Science数据库，对精油吸入的相关临床应用研究进行分析，发现薰衣草精油在精油吸入相关芳香疗法中的应用最多。精油的用量通常较低，仅以数滴精油在不与鼻子接触的情况下吸入精油气味分子，即可在短时间内产生明显的临床效用。精油吸入治疗具有以单方精油应用为主，精油用法简单、用量较低，多用于情绪障碍类病证等特点。精油吸入对神经系统相关的症状影响明显，对手术引起的焦虑和疼痛程度有明显的缓解作用，对睡眠障碍人群和正常人群的睡眠质量均有改善作用，可改善患者的疲劳程度，并可改善术后或化疗患者的恶心、呕吐症状。精油吸入具有抗炎、抗焦虑、抗抑郁、镇痛、镇静、催眠、抗阿尔茨海默病等药理作用，其作用机制主要与减少炎症因子释放、促进神经发生、调节脑中单胺递质水平、诱导神经营养因子表达、调节神经内分泌系统激素水平有关。但由于精油所含化学组分较为复杂，相关作用靶点多，精油吸入的作用机制并未完全阐明，尚需进一步研究。
Pharmacological Effects of Essential Oil Inhalation Based on Clinical Application Characteristics and Its Mechanism
The relevant clinical application studies of essential oil inhalation were analyzed by consμLting Pubmed and Web of Science databases.Lavender essential oil was found to be the most widely used in the aromatherapy associated with essential oil inhalation.Essential oils are usu-ally used in lower amounts.Inhalation of essential oil odor Molecules with just a few drops of essential oil and without contact with the nose can produce significant clinical benefits in a short period.Essential oil inhalation is mainly using a single essential oil,with simple usage and low dosage,which is commonly used in mood disorders.Essential oil inhalation has a significant impact on symptoms of the nervous system and can significantly relieve anxiety and pain caused by surgery.Essential oil inhalation can also improve the sleep quality of both people with sleep disorders and normal people.It can improve fatigue in patients and relieve nausea and vomiting after surgery or chemotherapy.The pharmacological effects of essential oil inhalation include anti-inflammation,anti-anxiety,anti-depression,analgesia,sedation,hypnosis,anti-Alzheimer's disease,and so on.The mechanisms of essential oil inhalation are mainly related to reducing the release of inflammatory factors,promoting neurogenesis,regulating monoamine levels in the brain,inducing neurotrophic factor expression,and regulating neuroendocrine sys-tem hormone levels.Due to the complex chemical components contained in essential oils and the many functional targets associated with them,the mechanisms of essential oil inhalation have not been fμLly elucidated and require further study.
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