藏北高原高寒草地草畜平衡评估方法比较
Comparison of Methods for Evaluating the Forage-livestock Balance of Alpine Grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau
曹亚楠 1武建双 2张宪洲 3牛犇 4何永涛3
作者信息
- 1. 河北工程大学,地球科学与工程学院,河北邯郸 056038
- 2. 中国农业科学院,农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081
- 3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,拉萨高原生态试验站,北京 100101;中国科学院大学,资源与环境学院,北京 100049
- 4. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,拉萨高原生态试验站,北京 100101
- 折叠
摘要
放牧是世界各国利用草地的主要方式之一,其中草畜平衡又是畜牧业可持续发展的核心问题.然而,草畜平衡评估方面的方法相对较少,而且往往忽略了非生物因素对牧草产量的动态影响.本研究将长期的野外数据与遥感数据以及温度和降水的气候记录相结合,量化了2000-2016年期间气候变化和人类活动对藏北高原高寒草地草畜平衡的影响.我们采用了两种不同的方法,分别是基于平衡理论的静态方法和基于非平衡理论的动态方法,同时还讨论了这两种方法在制定草地可持续管理潜在政策时的不确定性和缺陷.静态算法的结果表明,2000-2016 年,除尼玛县(包括双湖县)外,所有县的草地都存在严重的过度放牧现象.相比之下,动态方法结果显示,2000-2016年仅有8年过度放牧,其余9年整个藏北高原高寒草地有盈余.此外,动态方法还发现藏北高原东南和西南地区县域的高寒草地过度放牧,而中部地区县域的高寒草地放牧较少,草地有盈余,这与实地调查结果一致.然而,对于受到人类不合理活动严重干扰的高寒草地,静态方法仍然值得推荐.
Abstract
Livestock grazing is one of primary way to use grasslands throughout the world,and the forage-livestock balance of grasslands is a core issue determining animal husbandry sustainability.However,there are few methods for assessing the forage-livestock balance and none of those consider the dynamics of external abiotic factors that influence forage yields.In this study,we combine long-term field observations with remote sensing data and me-teorological records of temperature and precipitation to quantify the impacts of climate change and human activities on the forage-livestock balance of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau for the years 2000 to 2016.We developed two methods: one is statical method based on equilibrium theory and the other is dynamic method based on non-equilibrium theory.We also examined the uncertainties and shortcomings of using these two meth-ods as a basis for formulating policies for sustainable grassland management.Our results from the statical method showed severe overgrazing in the grasslands of all counties observed except Nyima(including Shuanghu)for the entire period from 2000 to 2016.In contrast,the results from the dynamic method showed overgrazing in only eight years of the study period 2000-2016,while in the other nine years alpine grasslands throughout the northern Ti-betan Plateau were less grazed and had forage surpluses.Additionally,the dynamic method found that the alpine grasslands of counties in the northeastern and southwestern areas of the northern Tibetan Plateau were over-grazed,and that alpine grasslands in the central area of the plateau were less grazed with forage surpluses.The latter finding is consistent with field surveys.Therefore,we suggest that the dynamic method is more appropriate for assessment of forage-livestock management efforts in alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau.However,the statical method is still recommended for assessments of alpine grasslands profoundly disturbed by irrational human activities.
关键词
地上生物量/高寒草地/载畜量/草畜平衡/藏北高原Key words
aboveground biomass/alpine grasslands/carrying capacity/forage-livestock balance/Northern Tibetan Plateau引用本文复制引用
基金项目
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0502001)
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA19050502)
出版年
2020
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据