It is observed that mast cells are enriched in acupoints,meridians and micro-acupuncture system acupoints by skin biopsy.Mast cells,small vessels and nerve fibers are arranged close to each other in tissues near external environments.Physical stimuli such as external mechanical stimuli or temperature can activate mast cells,release various cytokines and chemical factors,form a local inflammatory internal environment and cause sensitization of structures such as the peripheral C nerve.Sensi-tized C nerve fibers can release substance P that activates mast cells and calcitonin gene related peptide(CGRP),and leads to micro vessels dilation,increased permeability,extravasation of plasma,infiltration of white blood cells,and the promotion of further peripheral sensitization.Persistence in a negative cycle between mast cells activation and C nerve fibers sensitization can eventu-ally cause central sensitization.Peripheral and central sensitizations are manifested as the sensitization of acupoint areas,inclu-ding changes of temperature and tenderness sensitivities.These changes are characteristics of target tissues of acupuncture and moxibustion.
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