摘要
白术作为我国一味补虚中药材在临床上应用广泛,现代研究发现其主要含挥发油、多糖、内酯类、氨基酸等化学成分,其中白术多糖含量较高,具有广泛的药物开发和研究价值.近年来,针对白术多糖开展了大量研究,包括白术多糖提取、分离、结构鉴定以及药理作用等.目前,白术多糖含量测定方法主要有蒽酮-硫酸法和苯酚-硫酸法,提取多糖的方法可采用煎煮法、超声辅助提取法、复合酶提取法、微波辅助提取法等;分离方法主要有柱色谱分离法、乙醇分步沉淀法、超滤法等.且发现其提取、分离、测定方法不同对白术多糖含量具有较大影响.此外,白术多糖结构研究尚处于起步阶段,仅解析了部分精制多糖结构,大部分结构尚未明确.目前发现的白术多糖的生物活性主要有抗肿瘤活性、免疫调节活性、神经保护作用、胃肠功能调节作用、肝脏保护作用以及生长促进等作用,这些研究只存在于简单的药效学评价,具体的作用机制和构效关系的研究还未广泛地展开.研究就近10年来有关白术多糖的提取分离方法、化学结构研究及其主要生物活性研究相关文献进行梳理总结,为其进一步的研究、开发、利用提供参考.
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese medicinal material for tonifying deficiency,Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)is widely used in clinical practice.Modern studies have found that it mainly contains volatile oil,polysaccharide,lactones,amino acids and other chemical components,among which the polysaccharide content is high,and it has extensive drug development and research value.In recent years,a lot of researches have been carried out on the polysaccharide of Baizhu(Atractylodis Macro-cephalae Rhizoma),including its extraction,isolation,structure identification and pharmacological action.At present,the main methods for the determination of polysaccharide content of Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)include anthrone-sul-furic acid method and phenol-sulfuric acid method,and the extraction methods of polysaccharide can be decocting method,ultra-sonic-assisted extraction,complex enzyme extraction,microwave-assisted extraction,etc.The main separation methods are col-umn chromatography,ethanol step precipitation,ultrafiltration and so on.It is found that different methods of extraction,separation and determination have great influence on polysaccharide content.In addition,the study of polysaccharide structure is still in the initial stage,only some of the refined polysaccharide structure has been analyzed,and most of the structure has not been clarified.At present,the biological activities of the polysaccharide mainly include anti-tumor activity,immunomodulatory activity,neuro-protective effect,gastrointestinal function regulation,liver protection effect and growth promotion effect.These studies only exist in simple pharmacodynamic evaluation,and the specific mechanism of action and the structure-activity relationship have not been widely carried out.In this study,the literature on extraction and separation methods,chemical structure and main biological activ-ities of polysaccharides from Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)in recent 10 years was reviewed and summarized,so as to provide reference for further research,development and utilization of polysaccharides.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(82204640)
浙江省卫生高层次人才医坛新秀项目(浙卫办[2024]13号)
浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LQ23H280020)
恩泽医疗中心(集团)科学研究基金项目(19EZA5)
台州市高层次人才特殊支持计划项目(台人才领[2023]73号)
维普
万方数据