Association between Yang Deficiency Syndrome and the End-point Events of Diabetic Kidney Disease:A Retrospective Cohort Study
Objective To investigate the impact of yang deficiency syndrome on the progression to end-point events of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).Methods A retrospective study among patients with stage Ⅳ DKD admitted to Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from September 1st,2016 to September 30th,2021 was conducted.Data on the patients'general information,clinical indicators including duration of diabetes,duration of proteinuria,history of smoking and drinking,hemoglobin(HGB),fasting blood glucose(FBG),albumin(ALB),serum creatinine(Scr),urea nitrogen(BUN),uric acid(UA),cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),24-hour urine protein quantification(24h-UTP)and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and TCM syndromes including symptoms,tongue and pulse,and syndrome scores were collected.The patients were divided into exposure group(yang-deficiency group)and non-exposure group(non-yang-deficiency group).The general information,clinical indicators and incidence rates of end-point events were compared,and the impact of yang deficiency syndrome on the end-point events of stage Ⅳ DKD was analyzed.Survival analysis was per-formed using Kaplan-Meier method,and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to identify independent predictors of end-point events.Results A total of 160 patients with stage Ⅳ DKD were included in the study,including 43 cases of yang deficiency syndrome and 117 cases of non-yang deficiency syndrome.Compared to those in the non-yang deficiency group,the waist circumference,BUN and the incidence of end-point events in the yang deficiency group were significantly higher(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Spearman correlation analysis showed that yang deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with incidence of end-point events of stage Ⅳ DKD(r=0.167,P=0.035).Furthermore,24h-UTP and BUN levels were also positively correlated with end-point events in stage Ⅳ DKD patients(P＜0.01),while ALB and HGB levels were negatively correlated(P＜0.01).Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that yang deficiency syndrome was associated with an increased risk of end-point events(Log Rank P=0.011).Moreover,24h-UTP levels ≥3500 mg,BUN level ≥8 mmol/L,ALB level＜30 g and HGB level＜11 g were all associated with the increase of the risk of end-point events(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Multivariate Cox regres-sion analysis showed that yang deficiency syndrome was an independent risk factor for patients with stage Ⅳ DKD to prog-ress into end-point events(HR=2.36,1.32 to 4.21;P=0.004),as well as 24h-UTP ≥ 3500 mg,BUN ≥ 8 mmol/L,HGB＜11g and ALB＜30 g(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions For stage Ⅳ DKD,patients with yang deficiency syndrome are more likely to have end-point events,which is an independent risk factor for the progression into end-point events.
diabetic kidney diseaseyang deficiency syndromeend-point eventsrisk factorsretrospective cohort study
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