Guoxue was nothing but the academy to educate ancient Chinese officials.It was the study of governance in China,rath-er than the study of China.Guoxue had the same origin with class,private ownership,and the state.The Five Emperors and their offi-cials respectively educated current and incoming officials on how to govern the country,enrich the people,and make appropriate profits in the Mingtang.As a result,both Guoxue academy and governance knowledge emerged simultaneously.From the end of the Zhou Dy-nasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty,governments at all levels held public traditional Chinese studies,and from the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Qing Dynasty,knowledgeable individuals held private and public assisted traditional Chinese stud-ies.Both provided education on cultural foundations and governance theories to appointed officials,with dual attributes of academic ed-ucation and pre-employment training.In terms of governance,the Five Emperors,Xia,Shang,Zhou,and Spring and Autumn Nine Dynasties employed the ways of the former kings.The records of the deeds of the former kings and the ways of the former kings were em-bodied in the six classic texts of"Shi","Shu","Li","Yue","Yi",and"Spring and Autumn"that were finalized and passed down by the royal officials of the Zhou Dynasty in the middle and late Spring and Autumn period;At the turn of the Spring and Autumn peri-od and the Warring States period,Confucius and his disciples systematically studied the deeds of the late kings,summarized and devel-oped the way of the late kings,and created the new way of kings;From the Warring States Period to the later nine dynasties of the Qing Dynasty,the theory core was the doctrine of the former king and the doctrine of the new king,and the theory essence of the Confucian classics from the Warring States Period to the Qing Dynasty was successively absorbed,forming the theory of governing the country in the later nine dynasties.The study of governance had always been the theoretical foundation of ancient Chinese thought and culture.For over five thousand years,the essential attribute of Guoxue,which benefits people and oneself,and promotes common prosperity,as well as the theoretical system of benevolence and ritual studies,has remained unchanged throughout history;But a gentleman's profit was based on merit and reward in the ninth generation,and remuneration in the later nine generations was based on their position;The academic extension of Guoxue has undergone frequent changes due to changes in the temporal and spatial environment.
the way of the former kingthe way of the new kingZixueConfucianismGuoxue
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