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《诗经·行露》与周初"乐舞教化"礼制

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《诗经·行露》一诗,所谓表现周初"男女之讼"之说不准确,此诗当根据表演性的仪式舞蹈改写而成。周初有"召伯"之类的公卿大夫于仲春时节巡守"听讼"礼制,于仲春男女婚配时节,通过歌舞形式对男女青年"告诫"(教化),将彼时男女青年的婚姻纳入"礼"的轨道。诗中"谁谓雀无角"之雀,指"南方朱雀"之"角",即称为"鹑首"的东井、舆鬼两星宿。歌舞者装扮成"(鵻)鸟",是模拟天上的井、鬼两星,两星的星占特点关乎执法、牢狱等。这是周人以"神道设教",对百姓进行"教化"的具体表现。诗中"谁谓鼠无牙"之"鼠",在当时也是礼仪的象征。《行露》绝非所谓的民歌,其作者大约是周代的乐官或史官,作成于西周晚期或东周初期。
The Book of Songs·Xinglu and the Ritual of"Musical Dance Education"in the Early Zhou Dynasty
It is not accurate to regard that The Book of Songs·Xinglu reflected the affairs between men and women in the early Zhou Dynasty.Instead,it was written based on performative ritual dances.In the early Zhou Dynasty,there was a ritual system in which high-ranking officials like the"Lord of Shao",would patrol and adjudicate disputes during the spring.During the season when men and women married,"Lord of Shao"admonished(educated)young brides and grooms through songs and dances so that their mar-riages would be integrated into the"rites"."Who can say the sparrow has no horn"?This refers to the"horn"of the"Southern Ver-milion Bird",specifically the constellations Dong Jing and Yu Gui,which together form"sparrow's head".The performers dressed as"Fledge"mimic the stars in the sky,representing the constellations of"Jing Star"and"Gui Star".The characteristics of these two constellations relate to law enforcement and prisons,embodying the specific manifestation of the Zhou people's"education"of the pop-ulace through the"divine way".The"rat"mentioned in the poem also symbolized ceremonial etiquette during that time."On the Fall-ing Dew"was by no means a folk song.Its author was likely to be a musician or historian of the Zhou Dynasty,and it was composed in the late Western Zhou Dynasty or early Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

The Book of Songs·Xinglumusical dance educationZhu JiuJing StarGui StarSi Tu

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上海海关学院公共教学部(上海 201204)

《诗经·行露》 乐舞教化 祝鸠 井宿 鬼宿 司徒

2024

中州学刊
河南省社会科学院

中州学刊

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.854
ISSN:1003-0751
年,卷(期):2024.(5)
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