On the Categories and Principles of Logic in Mencius
Mencius inherited and developed Mo Zi's logical thinking in the debate of the Hundred Schools of Thought,and pushed forward the Chinese logic with its original significance,which was an important intermediate link in the systematic summary period of Chinese logic.Mencius expounded on the categories and principles of logic,with four essential meanings:firstly,he clarified the provi-sions and applications of the categories of"debate"and"category";Secondly,Mencius discussed the categories of"cause","rea-son",and"law"and the principles of theoretical thinking;Thirdly,Mencius summarized the principles of analogical reasoning and applied them to argumentative practice;Fourthly,Mencius'two principles of"knowing words","using the will against the will"and"understanding people and discussing the world",can be regarded as the origin of Chinese logical semantics.Mencius completely disa-greed with Mo Zi's political and ethical views such as"universal love",but in order to defend Confucianism and strive to win the de-bate in the superstructure and ideological fields,he did not reject extracting Mo Zi's logical tools and debating skills from the Mohist treasury,creatively utilizing Mo Zi's summarized forms,laws,and methods of argumentation,which fully proved the transcendence and universal instrumental nature of logical knowledge.Essentially,logic is a cognitive tool and thinking tool commonly used by the whole world,all humanity,ancient and modern times,China and foreign countries,various schools of thought,and is no different from the universal instrumental nature of fundamental disciplines worldwide.
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