摘要
杜审言名列"文章四友"是初盛唐之际诗名并列传播文化现象的代表之一,但这一诗名组合缺乏足够的史料支撑.宋之问《祭杜学士审言文》对此并未言及,杜审言与李峤、苏味道的身份地位也不相匹配.《新唐书》载杜审言的交往时间更是有误.相较而言,张说关于李峤、崔融、薛稷、宋之问的文学评论更能体现当时诗坛的实际情况;而"文章四友"中缺少薛稷、宋之问,与当时诗名评骘的真实史貌不符.因此,《新唐书》是基于推崇杜甫的文化需求而塑造了"文章四友",杜审言诗名由此逐渐升高,至明代更被胡应麟推为律诗之宗."文章四友"和张说诗评的排序,反映出杜审言、张说与李、崔、苏、薛、宋在交往过程中所形成的不同友谊.
Abstract
Du Shenyan being ranked among"the Four Literary Friends",was one of the representatives of the cultural phenomenon of the simultaneous dissemination of poetry fame during the Early and Flourishing Tang Dynasty.However,this combination of poetry fame among the"Four Literary Friends"lacked sufficient historical evidence.Song Zhiwen's Sacrifice to Scholar Du Shenyan made no mention of it,and the status of Du Shenyan did not match that of Li Qiao and Su Weidao.Furthermore,the interaction time of Du She-nyan recorded in The Xin Tang Book was inaccurate.In contrast,Zhang Yue's literary commentary on Li Qiao,Cui Rong,Xue Ji,and Song Zhiwen better reflected the actual situation of the poetry circle at that time.The absence of Xue Ji and Song Zhiwen from the"Four Literary Friends"obviously did not align with the true history of the poetry evaluation at that time.Therefore,based on the cultural de-mand of advocating Du Fu,The Xin Tang Book shaped the"Four Literary Friends",making Du Shenyan's poetry fame gradually rise.He was even regarded as the ancestor of metrical poetry with the promotion of Hu Yinglinin the Ming Dynasty.Additionally,the ranking of the"Four Literary Friends"and Zhang Yue's poetry evaluation reflected the different friendships formed between Du Shenyan,Zhang Yue,Li,Cui,Su,Xue,and Song during their interactions.
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