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预约合同的认定与违约救济

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预约合同和本约合同相对应,通常存在于较复杂的民商事交易中。预约合同在比较法上广泛存在。最高人民法院《关于适用<中华人民共和国民法典>合同编通则若干问题的解释》第 6-8 条对《中华人民共和国民法典》第 495 条的规定进行的阐释和细化,对合同当事人妥善运用预约合同制度实现交易目的有重要作用,为人民法院实现类似案件类似处理的目标提供了更具操作性的依据。就预约合同的认定而言,要运用类型化的思考方法将本约合同订立之前的各种协议类型化,尤其要注意预约合同与商业磋商、本约合同之间的差异;就预约合同的效力而言,要重点关注预约合同是否得到履行,运用类型化的思考方法确定应对之策。若未能依预约合同签订本约合同,守约方有权主张违约方承担违约责任,违约责任的承担方式以损害赔偿为主。关于损害赔偿的数额,有约定的依照约定;无约定的,由人民法院结合交易成熟度等因素,妥善运用举证责任分配规则来确定。
Identification of Appointment Contracts and Remedies for Breach of Contract
An appointment contract corresponds to the principal contract and usually exists in the more complex civil and commercial trans-actions.Appointment contracts exist widely in comparative law.The interpretation and refinement of Article 495 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China in Articles 6-8 of the Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the General Principles of the Contract Part of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China plays an important role in the proper use of the appointment con-tract system by contract parties to achieve transaction purposes,and provides a more operational basis for the people court to achieve the goal of handling similar cases similarly.In terms of the recognition of appointment contract,it is necessary to use typological thinking methods to catego-rize various agreements before the signing of this contract,especially paying attention to the differences between appointment contract,commercial negotiations,and principal contract.In terms of the effectiveness of the appointment contract,it is important to focus on whether the contract has been fulfilled and use typological thinking methods to determine countermeasures.If the principal contract cannot be signed in accordance with the appointment contract,the non breaching party has the right to claim that the breaching party shall bear the liability for breach of contract,and the main way of bearing the liability for breach of contract shall be compensation for damages.Regarding the amount of compensation for damages,if there is an agreement,it shall be determined in accordance with the agreement.If there is no agreement,the people court shall determine it by taking into account factors such as the maturity of the transaction and properly applying the rules for allocating the burden of proof.

appointment contractidentification of appointment contractdefault remedies for appointment contractsmaturity of transaction

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中国社会科学院大学法学院(北京 102401)

预约合同 预约合同的认定 预约合同的违约救济 交易成熟度

2024

中州学刊
河南省社会科学院

中州学刊

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.854
ISSN:1003-0751
年,卷(期):2024.(12)