From"Mandate from Heaven"to"Renmin Supremacy":The Transformation of Ethical Authority in the Construction of a New-Type Modern State
As the core element of the symbolic meaning system,ethical authority is the spiritual force that construct collective identity and provides the legitimacy foundation for the effective operation of public power.In ancient China,the highest ethical authority was attributed to the heaven,emphasizing that the emperor received his mandate from heaven.This framework incorporated the relationships among heaven,the ruler,and the people into the realm of ethics,forming a civilization order centered around ethical morality.In modern times,faced with internal and external pressures,the traditional civilization order became challenging to sustain.The Chinese Communist Party,in conjunction with the realities of the Chinese revolution,constructed the concept of"renmin"and established a new type of modern state that renmin supremacy.This shaped a modern civilization order with"renmin"as the highest ethical authority,marking the beginning of a new journey towards Chinese modernization.In shaping public authority,both"renmin"and"heaven"play significant roles with a notable historical continuity."Heaven"and"renmin"as the highest ethical authorities,have laid the identical foundation for public authority,determining its ultimate source and reinforcing the importance of ethics in the operation of public power.However,unlike the confucian philosophy that served ancient dynastic states.In the modern Chinese civilization order with remin as the supreme moral authority,the new-type modern state with"remin supremacy"manifests itself as a modern state that promotes Chinese modernization development,a democratic country that promotes whole-process people's democracy,and a nation state that promotes the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
civilization orderethical authoritymandate from heavenrenmin supremacyrevolutionnew-type modern state
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