Feudalism and Counties:Debates on Local Governance Models in the Tang and Song Dynasties
Tang and Song dynasties were the periods when the feudalism and counties debates were concentrated.The discussion of the Tang Dynasty was mainly in Taizong and Xianzong,emperor Taizong of Tang intended to absorb the experience of feudalism since the Western Zhou Dynasty and,both the imperial family and meritorious officials were assigned fiefdoms simultaneously.The reason for the ultimate failure is,on the surface,the result of the opposition of the officials,but in fact,it is the inevitable transformation of the government form behind the"transformation of the family into the country".In the Xianzong period,Liu Zongyuan and Bai Juyi further proved the advantages of the county system.The discussion of Song Dynasty was carried out throughout the Song Dynasty.At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty,facing the threat of Liao people,Liao Cheng and others called for feudalism.At the turn of the two Song Dynasties,the Jin people invaded southward,and there were increasing voices believing that feudalism was beneficial for a turbulent era.Until the stability of the Southern Song Dynasty,the proposal of counties gradually revived.From the point of view of the content,the discussion of Tang Dynasty gave birth to the topic of the selection of local officials.And in the discussion of Song Dynasty,the selection of local officials was linked to the cronyism and the debate between the gentleman and the villain.Tang people's views on feudalism were often combined with well fields and corporal punishment.On this basis,Song people added schools,local shooting and military system.The discussion of Tang and Song dynasties centered on the local governance under the framework of"grand unification".From the result,the discussion of Tang and Song dynasties ended with the implementation of the county system.Historical facts have proved that"grand unification"is a historical necessity,and the county system is an irreversible historical trend.
feudalismthe system of prefectures and countiesTang and Song dynastieslocal governancegovernance model
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