The bamboo powder(BP)was treated by 0.30 mol/L NaOH solution, then added in PHBV.After melt-mixing, the BP/PHBV eco-composites were prepared through thermo-compression.The physical and mechanical properties of the BP/PHBV eco-composites with different treatment time were studied.The results showed that after NaOH solution treatment, the surface of bamboo powder fibre became smooth, and there appeared obvious longitudinal grooves under the SEM.The FTIR spectrum showed that the hydroxyl(-OH)and carbonyl (-COOH)groups in the bamboo powder cellulose decreased obviously, and the substitution reaction occurred.The physical and mechanical properties of the BP/PHBV eco-composites, including tensile, bending and impact strength, first increased and then decreased with increasing treatment time.The physical and mechanical properties of BP/PHBV eco-composites showed a good performance after 2 hours of NaOH solution treatment,being 23.85 MPa,45.21 MPa and 7.69 MPa respectively.