首页|The unexpected surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu

The unexpected surface of asteroid (101955) Bennu

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NASA'S Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) spacecraft recently arrived at the near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu, a primitive body that represents the objects that may have brought prebiotic molecules and volatiles such as water to Earth(1). Bennu is a lowalbedo B-type asteroid(2) that has been linked to organic-rich hydrated carbonaceous chondrites(3). Such meteorites are altered by ejection from their parent body and contaminated by atmospheric entry and terrestrial microbes. Therefore, the primary mission objective is to return a sample of Bennu to Earth that is pristine-that is, not affected by these processes(4). The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft carries a sophisticated suite of instruments to characterize Bennu's global properties, support the selection of a sampling site and document that site at a sub-centimetre scale(5-11). Here we consider early OSIRIS-REx observations of Bennu to understand how the asteroid's properties compare to pre-encounter expectations and to assess the prospects for sample return. The bulk composition of Bennu appears to be hydrated and volatile-rich, as expected. However, in contrast to pre-encounter modelling of Bennu's thermal inertia(12) and radar polarization ratios(13)-which indicated a generally smooth surface covered by centimetre-scale particles-resolved imaging reveals an unexpected surficial diversity. The albedo, texture, particle size and roughness are beyond the spacecraft design specifications. On the basis of our pre-encounter knowledge, we developed a sampling strategy to target 50-metre-diameter patches of loose regolith with grain sizes smaller than two centimetres(4). We observe only a small number of apparently hazard-free regions, of the order of 5 to 20 metres in extent, the sampling of which poses a substantial challenge to mission success.

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Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA

Southwest Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA

Univ Cent Florida, Dept Phys, Orlando, FL USA

Ithaca Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA

Rowan Univ, Dept Geol, Glassboro, NJ USA

NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA

Univ Tennessee, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Knoxville, TN USA

Okayama Univ Misasa, Inst Planetary Mat, Misasa, Tottori, Japan

Univ Colorado, Smead Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

Aerosp Corp, Chantilly, VA USA

Charles Univ Prague, Astron Inst, Prague, Czech Republic

Univ Oxford, Atmospher Ocean & Planetary Phys, Oxford, England

Canadian Space Agcy, St Hubert, PQ, Canada

Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA

Harvard Univ, Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

Arizona State Univ, Ctr Meteorite Studies, Tempe, AZ USA

CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA

Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia

Auburn Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA

Univ Maryland, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Tucson, AZ USA|Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ USA

Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA

Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

Univ Toronto, Dept Earth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada

MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA

Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Vancouver, BC, Canada|Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA

Univ Winnipeg, Dept Geog, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX USA

Univ Calgary, Dept Geosci, Calgary, AB, Canada

SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA

No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA

Edge Space Syst, Greenbelt, MD USA

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Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

INAF Astrophys Observ Arcetri, Florence, Italy

INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, Padua, Italy

INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, Rome, Italy

Indigo Informat Serv, Tucson, AZ USA

Univ Paris Sud, CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France

Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain|Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain

Jacobs Technol, Houston, TX USA

JAXA Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan

CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA

MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

KinetX Aerosp Inc, Simi Valley, CA USA

Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA

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Macdonald Dettwiler & Associates Ltd, Brampton, ON, Canada

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Arizona State Univ, Mars Space Flight Facil, Tempe, AZ USA

Mines ParisTech, Paris, France

JAXA Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan|Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan

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NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA

NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA

NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA

Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA

Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia

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Curtin Univ, Sch Earth & Planetary Sci, Perth, WA, Australia

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London Stereoscop Co, London, England

Univ Cote Azur, Observ Cote Azur, CNRS, Lab Lagrange, Nice, France

Univ Lorraine, Nancy, France

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2019

Nature

Nature

ISSN:0028-0836
年,卷(期):2019.568(7750)
  • 221
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