首页|Combined chronic dietary exposure to four nephrotoxic metals exceeds tolerable intake levels in the adult population of 10 European countries

Combined chronic dietary exposure to four nephrotoxic metals exceeds tolerable intake levels in the adult population of 10 European countries

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  • Taylor & Francis
A mixture risk assessment (MRA) for four metals relevant to chronic kidney disease (CKD) was performed. Dietary exposure to cadmium or lead alone exceeded the respective reference values in the majority of the 10 European countries included in our study. When the dietary exposure to those metals and inorganic mercury and inorganic arsenic was combined following a classical or personalised modified reference point index (mRPI) approach, not only high exposure (95th percentile) estimates but also the mean exceeded the tolerable intake of the mixture in all countries studied. Cadmium and lead contributed most to the combined exposure, followed by inorganic arsenic and inorganic mercury. The use of conversion factors for inorganic arsenic and inorganic mercury from total arsenic and total mercury concentration data was a source of uncertainty. Other uncertainties were related to the use of different principles to derive reference points. Yet, MRA at the target organ level, as performed in our study, could be used as a way to efficiently prioritise assessment groups for higher-tier MRA. Since the combined exposure to the four metals exceeded the tolerable intake, we recommend a refined MRA based on a common, specific nephrotoxic effect and relative potency factors (RPFs) based on a similar effect size.

Cadmiumleadinorganic arsenicinorganic mercurynephrotoxicitycombined exposure

R. Corinne Sprang、Annick D. van den Brand、Gerda van Donkersgoed、Urska Blaznik、Despo Christodoulou、Amelie Crepet、Maria da Graca Dias、Bodil Hamborg Jensen、Angelo Morretto、Elke Rauscher-Gabernig、Jiri Ruprich、Darja Sokolic、Jacob D. van Klaveren、Mirjam Luijten、Marcel J. B. Mengelers

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Department of Chemical Food Safety, RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands

Centre for Health Protection, RIVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands

National Institute of Public Health, Environmental Health Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia

State General Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Nicosia, Cyprus

Risk Assessment Department, Methodology and Studies Unit, ANSES, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France

National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal

Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Research group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, Lyngby, Denmark

Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular and Public Health Sciences, University of Padova and Occupational Health Unit, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy

AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria

National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Centre for Health, Nutrition and Food, Brno, Czech Republic

HAPIH, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Osijek, Croatia

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2023

10.1080/19440049.2023.2272716

Food additives & contaminants: Analysis, surveillance, evaluation, control

Food additives & contaminants: Analysis, surveillance, evaluation, control

ISSN：1944-0049
年,卷(期)：2023.40(12)
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