首页|Architectural typology and urban morphology: towards a typological reading of urban housing buildings
Architectural typology and urban morphology: towards a typological reading of urban housing buildings
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The urban fabric of the colonial city that was built in Oran (northwestern Algeria), between the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, consists mainly of urban collective housing units which were primarily constructed to accommodate the large numbers of French and European settlers who arrived in this city, following the French conquest of Algeria. In addition, the architectural and urban composition qualities of these constructions continue to distinguish the urban and architectural landscape of the city of Oran. This paper aims to examine the evolution of the typology of these buildings, while focusing on the complex relationship between the urban and architectural forms. The purpose of this work is, first, to identify the urban, architectural and functional attributes that contribute to the diverse characters of this housing typology and, secondly, to elucidate the transformations and evolutions of these housing structures over time, while emphasizing their links with the architectural design and urban functionality. The late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries are commonly viewed as the heyday of architectural typology in Oran where the prevalent architectural type was characterized by a few distinct characteristics. However, after further analysis, it turns out that this superficial unity breaks down into a multitude of variants that are distinguished by originality in plan, materials or ornamentation. The rhetorical flexibility of the type allows it to accept the most contradictory stylistic formulations and to place these various formulations again within the more global unity of the city. This is primarily due, among other things, to the flexible nature of its plan, which allows it to adapt to the different urban situations of the plot. In addition, the architectural, spatial and functional characteristics of urban collective residential buildings built in Oran during the colonial period challenge us on the potential and architectural qualities encountered in this old urban fabric. They also prompt inquiries about the future of the architectural legacy of the colonial era.
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