首页|The effect of case hardening on the natural preservation of stone monuments, Fraktin monument, Tuerkiye

The effect of case hardening on the natural preservation of stone monuments, Fraktin monument, Tuerkiye

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  • NETL
  • NSTL
  • Springer Nature
Case-hardening processes that develop in monuments reduce the porosity of rocks while increasing surface hardness. This situation may contribute to the transfer of cultural stone heritage markers to future generations by limiting the penetra-tion into the rock structure of water, which is the most destructive agent in atmospheric weathering processes. This study focused on the Fraktin relief monument, which was created by the Hittites in the 13th century BCE by carving into the rock surface. The site was investigated to reveal the case-hardening mechanism and its effects on the physical properties of the rock. The geochemical formation mechanism of the surface-hardening process, which contributed to the survival of the Fraktin relief monument, was examined by use of scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and analysis by an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). In addition, the effect of the hardening on the physical properties of the rock was investigated with nondestructive tests applied both in situ and in a laboratory. The SEM-EDS and ICP-MS analyses revealed that amorphous silica filled the pores of the rock and created surface hardening. This situation has increased the geotechnical properties of the unit in which the monument was carved, making it more resistant to atmospheric processes.

Fraktin monumentCase hardeningNondestructive testingSEM-EDSGeochemistryICP-MS

Mustafa Korkanc、Ismail Ince、Mehmet Yavuz Hueseyinca、Mehmet Bahadır Tosunlar、Mehmet Erguen Hatır

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Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nigde OEmer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Tuerkiye||Disaster Education and Management Application and Research Center, Nigde OEmer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Tuerkiye, Turkey

Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Konya Technical University, Konya, Tuerkiye

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts and Design, Siirt University, Siirt, Tuerkiye

Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, Faculty of Fine Arts, Necmettin Erbakan University,Konya, Tuerkiye

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2025

10.1007/s10064-025-04323-x

Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment

Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment

ISSN：1435-9529
年,卷(期)：2025.84(6)
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