Abstract
China is leading research in nearly 90% of the crucial technologies that "significantly enhance, or pose risks to, a country's national interests", according to a technology tracker run by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) - an independent think tank. The ASPI's Critical Technology Tracker evaluated high-quality research on 74 current and emerging technologies in 2025, up from the 64 technologies it analysed in 2024. China is ranked number one for research on 66 of the technologies, including nuclear energy, synthetic biology and small satellites, and the United States topped the remaining 8, including quantum computingandgeoengineering.
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